Section I: Client Analysis
The client in question is called Paula who is 58 years of age who is currently unemployed after being laid off from her teaching job at an elementary school. Paula was 18 months ago diagnosed with type II diabetes mellitus; however, despite the doctor’s referrals to seek for the coordinator of diabetes management to enlighten her on diabetes management, she ended up ignoring the referrals. She is currently admitted to the clinic with uncontrolled diabetes. A situation of lingering hyperglycemia typifies diabetes mellitus. Type II diabetes is brought about by resistance to insulin and comparative insulin insufficiency and is linked to overweight or obese individuals and to lack of adequate physical activity (Powers et al., 2017). Individuals aged 40 and above are at risk of developing type II diabetes.
Upon diagnosis, Paula was experiencing the following symptoms polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and blurry vision. She, however, ignored the doctor’s advice to seek for the help of a diabetes coordinator to be able to learn on diabetes management. Hence, upon admission at the clinic 18 months later with uncontrolled diabetes, her condition had worsened. She was experiencing Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS) an acute complication that is often very fatal and can lead to coma or death (Powers et al., 2017). HHNS is frequent in diabetes type II patients particularly the elderly and is believed to manifest when the patient is ill or stressed. This is true for our patient Paula who is experiencing both illness and stress. She is undergoing psychosocial stress in that she is a divorced woman, lost her job at the Elementary school, leaving with her 28-year-old daughter and her 2-year-old grandson, while the son in law is serving in the US army. All these constellations of challenges contribute to her worsened condition.
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Beck et al., (2018) states that the rudimentary role in the treatment of type II diabetes is bringing down the blood glucose to normal levels, and an efficient diabetic control lowers the risk of the complications. A primary component in encouraging patients to control their personal diabetes is education. The efficiency of management of diabetes is dependent mainly on the patient rather than the medical practitioner. The primary objective of patient education ought to be to empower the capability of patients to adhere with the set therapeutic regimes and to deal with consequences of the chronic condition and its magnitude on their lives (Beck et al., 2018) . Organized educational programs for self-management of diabetes are frequently multi-faceted interpositions availing not only information to diabetic patients but also management concerns such as exercise diet, use of medication, individual examining of blood glucose.
Some of the possible risk factors that may have led to Paula developing type II diabetes include a history of familial diabetes, overweight and obesity, the fact that she is over 40 years of age, perhaps a history of elevated blood pressure, possessing a high-density lipoprotein, gestational diabetes or parturition of overweight babies, and living a sedentary lifestyle. If a practitioner diagnoses a patient with diabetes type II, he/she will advocate for practicing lifestyle alterations to aid loss of weight and general health. A doctor can recommend a diabetic individual to a nutritionist (Beck et al., 2018) . An approved specialist can assist an individual to experiences an active life, a balanced lifestyle, and contain the condition.
According to WHO, its focus is to enhance and empower the implementation of successful gauges for the surveillance, deterrence, and management of diabetes and its challenges, especially for low-income nations (Roglic, 2016) . The WHO “Global report on diabetes “gives a summary of the burden of diabetes, the available interventions to deter and control diabetes, and recommendations for persons, governments, the private sector, and civil society. The WHO "Global strategy on a diet, physical activity and health" supplements WHO diabetes project by majoring on population-wide interventions to enhance healthy diet and frequent physical activities, hence getting rid of the universal challenge of overweight persons and obesity (Roglic, 2016). I believe these guidelines will be of significance to Paula since due to lack of employment she still can access affordable diabetic management programs and access to a specialist. Besides, it will empower Paula to start doing frequent exercise and to eat healthy too.
Reference
Beck, J., Greenwood, D. A., Blanton, L., Bollinger, S. T., Butcher, M. K., Condon, J. E., ... & Kolb, L. E. (2018). 2017 National standards for diabetes self-management education and support. The Diabetes Educator , 44 (1), 35-50.
Powers, M. A., Bardsley, J., Cypress, M., Duker, P., Funnell, M. M., Fischl, A. H., ... & Vivian, E. (2017). Diabetes self-management education and support in type 2 diabetes: a joint position statement of the American Diabetes Association, the American Association of Diabetes Educators, and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. The Diabetes Educator , 43 (1), 40-53.
Roglic, G. (2016). WHO Global report on diabetes: A summary. International Journal of Noncommunicable Diseases , 1 (1), 3.
