The greenhouse effect refers to a natural process by which radiation from the sun warms the planet's lower atmosphere because of the depletion of the ozone layer leading to greater atmosphere transparency. The greenhouse effect is a global issue because it significantly causes weather and climatic changes (Hohti & Tammi, 2019). The depletion of ozone exposes the lower earth's surface to direct radiation from the sun leading to a gradual increase in temperature. The greenhouse effect causes weather and climate due to a progressive rise in temperature in the lower earth's surface. It is important to tell people about greenhouse effects because it primarily caused by human activities, which cause the depletion of the ozone layer. Human activities such as the emission of danger into the upper atmosphere react with the ozone layer and reduce its thickness, allowing excess sunlight to penetrate the earth's surface (Hohti & Tammi, 2019). Subsequently, exposure to direct sunlight increases the temperature in the lower atmosphere leading to extreme weather and climatic change. Reducing the emission of poisonous gases to the upper atmosphere can slower the depletion, hence minimizing adverse greenhouse effects. Scientists relate the excess global warming trend experienced since the mid-20th century to the industrial expansion of the greenhouse effect, leading to increased earth's temperature. The emission of some gases in the upper atmosphere blocks heat from escaping causing a constant increase in temperature in the lower atmosphere hence causes weather change. Long-lived gases that remain in the atmosphere for a long period but are not reactive chemically to change in a region's temperature are referred as “ forcing climate change” (Hohti & Tammi, 2019). On the other hand, gases that respond chemically and change a region's temperature are considered feedback. The main gases that directly cause to the greenhouse effect are water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbon. Water Vapor is a significant greenhouse gas; however, importantly, considered as feedback to climate change. Excess water vapor production rises as the earth's atmosphere warm leading to clouds and precipitation in the lower atmosphere. Precipitation and cloud formation are important feedback mechanisms to the greenhouse effect (Hohti & Tammi, 2019). Even though water vapor is considered a greenhouse gas, it performs a significant function in eliminating the adverse effects of the greenhouse effect on climatic changes. Carbon dioxide is a minor but essential component of the atmosphere. It is emitted to the atmosphere through human activities like deforestation, industrialization, and the burning of fossils (Kweku et al., 2017). It is also emitted into the thermosphere through natural processes such as volcanic eruptions and respiration. Excess discharge of CO 2 into the atmosphere has an adverse impact because it blocks the earth's heat from escaping the earth's upper surface leading to the greenhouse effect. Methane is another greenhouse gas caused by the production of hydrocarbon gas through natural processes such as the decomposition of waste products. Methane is also caused by human activities such as agricultural activities, particularly rice cultivation (Kweku et al., 2017). Excess emission of these gases into the atmosphere cause depletion of the ozone layer, allowing direct sunlight into the earth's surface. Also, these gases form a semi-permanent layer in the upper atmosphere hence stop excess heat from absconding out of the earth's atmosphere. Accumulation of heat in the lower atmosphere causes an increase in temperature leading to weather and climatic change. Nitrous oxide and chlorofluorocarbons are other greenhouse gases that cause weather and climatic change. Nitrous oxide is produced through soil cultivation activities, particularly by using organic fertilizers and biomass burning. On the other hand, chlorofluorocarbon is released into the atmosphere through industrial mass production. Chlorofluorocarbons are the leading cause of ozone layer depletion among greenhouse gases (Mikhaylov et al., 2020). They also block excess heat from escaping out of the earth's upper atmosphere, increasing temperature in the lower earth's atmosphere. A prolonged temperature rise causes weather change in the short run and climatic change in the long run. Greenhouse gases have adverse effects on human health and activities. First, these gases cause climatic change, which adversely impacts human activities such as farming. Climatic changes due to increased earth's temperature can cause natural disasters such as flooding and drought. These disasters directly affect human activities leading to the destruction of property and loss of life (Qiao et al., 2019). Natural disasters such as drought reduce food production in affected regions hence can cause human suffering and other health complications. Therefore, humans should control the emission of poisonous gases into the atmosphere to reduce their adverse effects. Air pollution due to the emission of dangerous gases into the atmosphere causes respiration diseases, leading to death or long-term suffering (Qiao et al., 2019). Besides, people living in areas where poisonous gases such as chlorofluorocarbons can experience reproductive problems can adversely affect future generations. Hence, humans should control the emission of toxic gases into the atmosphere to reduce their adverse effects.
Conclusion
The greenhouse effect is a worldwide concern because it has a considerable impact on weather and climate change. Ozone depletion exposes the lower earth's surface to direct solar radiation, resulting in a steady temperature rise. Scientists associated the excess global warming trend with industrial expansions of the greenhouse effect. Excess water vapor production rises as the earth's atmosphere warm leads to clouds and precipitation in the lower atmosphere. The leading gases that directly causes the greenhouse effect include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbon.
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References
Hohti, R., & Tammi, T. (2019). The greenhouse effect: Multispecies childhood and non-innocent relations of care. Childhood , 26 (2), 169-185.
Kweku, D. W., Bismark, O., Maxwell, A., Desmond, K. A., Danso, K. B., Oti-Mensah, E. A., ... & Adormaa, B. B. (2017). Greenhouse effect: greenhouse gases and their impact on global warming. Journal of Scientific research and reports , 1-9.
Mikhaylov, A., Moiseev, N., Aleshin, K., & Burkhardt, T. (2020). Global climate change and greenhouse effect. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues , 7 (4), 2897.
Qiao, H., Zheng, F., Jiang, H., & Dong, K. (2019). The greenhouse effect of the agriculture-economic growth-renewable energy nexus: evidence from G20 countries. Science of the Total Environment , 671 , 722-731.
