Part 1
The subjective assessment will involve some questions. They include
Do you experience any headache? What is the frequency of the headache and location (CDC Injury Centre, 2018)?
Have you ever had a head injury?
Do you experience any dizziness?
Do you experience pain in the neck and does it limit motion?
Do you have any swelling or lump on the head, face or neck?
Ever undergone a neck or head surgery?
Inquiring about whether the patient has had any head injury is essential to determine if the patient has a traumatic brain injury. The presence, nature, and location of the headache could also affirm trauma to the head. The location of the headache is key. For example, if one has a headache that is at the front of the frontal lobe, this could be a cluster headache that is not as a result of injury to the head (Jarvis, 2018). Inquiring about the presence of swelling or lump is critical since lumps at certain locations are characteristics of certain diseases. An illustration of such is when an individual has swollen lymph nodes (Deng et al., 2015). This is likely to be a response of the body to an infection. Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck and head usually indicate that an individual is likely to be suffering from flu, cold or an infection of the year. Trauma to the head and neck can affect the vestibular system which is involved in coordination and balance. One of the symptoms of a disruption of this system is dizziness. Inquiring about pain and motion in the neck is important to find out whether the cervical bones have been affected which might injure the spine (Deng et al., 2015). Finding out about previous surgery helps to determine whether the current condition is as a result of the previous surgery.
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Part 2
People are usually involved in activities or tasks that put them at risk of developing a head injury. There are some questions which can be included when taking the history of the patient to determine the risk of patient injury. They include
Do you wear a safety belt when driving?
Do you drive when drunk or when under the influence of alcohol?
Do you play any contact sport and do you wear a helmet?
Do you wear a helmet when riding a bike or motorcycle?
Is your home well lit to prevent accidents?
Have you installed handrails on all sides of the walkway?
Have you installed grabbing bars in the shower, bathtub or next to the toilet?
Do you have nonslip mats on the floors of the shower and bathtub?
Do you have clutters and throw rugs in your walkways?
If the patient is a child and the parents have accompanied the child, the parents may be asked certain questions such as:
Have you installed guards on the windows of your child’s room?
Do you use safety gates at the bottom and top of the stairs when the children are in the house?
Did you use material that absorbs shock, such as sand or hardwood when constructing the surface where your child plays?
Do you avail helmets for your kids when they are in the playground or when they are playing contact sports?
In the instance that a baby of zero to two years is been assessed, the parents should be asked:
Do you use a child safety belt to buck your child in the vehicle (CDC Injury Centre, 2018)?
References
Deng, J., Ridner, S. H., Aulino, J. M., & Murphy, B. A. (2015). Assessment and measurement of head and neck lymphedema: state-of-the-science and future directions. Oral oncology , 51 (5), 431-437.
Jarvis, C. (2018). Physical Examination and Health Assessment-Canadian . Elsevier Health Sciences.
Prevention | Concussion | Traumatic Brain Injury | CDC Injury Center. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/prevention.html
