Substantial evidence and research have shown that tobacco products are hazardous and their use causes the risk of serious diseases (West, 2017) . Most Americans are of the notion that smokeless tobacco or the chewing of tobacco is much safer than smoked tobacco and cigarettes. In the media and promotions, smokeless tobacco products are always promoted as the safest option, but on the contrary, they are addictive as cigarettes and do pose serious health risks to consumers (West, 2017) . All tobacco products, regardless of how they are consumed, contain the same addictive chemical, nicotine, that is found in other tobacco products. Smokeless tobacco contains 28 different cancer-causing carcinogens that can be linked to heart diseases such as stroke due to increased heart rate and blood pressure, dental diseases such as receding gums, teeth staining and bone loss around the roots, and increased risks of oral cancers - cancers of the gums, throat, cheeks and the lips (West, 2017) .
Any form of smoking is harmful to the environment because of the toxic air pollutants that are released into the atmosphere (West, 2017) . The toxic chemicals released when during smoking and the cigarette butts seep into waterways and the soil, thereby causing soil and water pollution (West, 2017) . The manufacture and production of cigarettes have contributed to the deforestation of rainforests. Deforestation in the areas where tobacco is grown has led to the loss of biodiversity, reduction in the plants available for foraging, and increased global temperatures (West, 2017) .
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Exposure to second-hand smoke has been associated with lung cancer and coronary heart diseases. This means that also non-smokers are affected either directly and indirectly by cigarette smoke (West, 2017) . According to the World Health Organization, exposure to second-hand smoke is estimated to cause more than 41,000 deaths per year in the United States (West, 2017) . Parental smoking has been estimated to cause more than 600 deaths per year from prenatal conditions and 400 deaths per year from sudden infant death syndrome (West, 2017) .
Reference
West, R. (2017). Tobacco smoking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions. Psychology & Health , 32(8), 1018-1036. doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1325890
