| Data Search Directions | Summary Findings |
| The population of interest and condition | A few studies are available that fully examine the different diseases affecting the elderly population and their given trends. Nevertheless, a given study by Guccione et al. offers a better context for the extermination of the ethnic and racial differences in diseases affecting the elderly population. The study employed 1500 individuals of ages ≥ 65 years to investigate the prevalence of Type 2 to Diabetes amongst the older population in the United State (Marcum et al., 2013). From the given study, it was observed that there is are given disabilities resulting from every health condition when viewed based on age, gender, and comorbidity. For this paper, the main focus shall be on Adult Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This is a health condition that does not depend on insulin but relates to fat metabolism and degenerative glucose changes. |
| Search Process | The search process for this study aimed at the examination of several article reviews that were published on diabetes mellitus between the years 2009 to 2018. Likewise, several electronic databases, such as PsycINFO, Cinahl, and Medline, as well as significant websites, were examined. At the same time, this research study included cultural competency reviews based on health settings. The many reviews were evaluated, and its eligibility was determined by its inclusion of mixed, qualitative, or quantitate study methods. Likewise, the reviews had to contain studies that revolve around healthcare, health statistics, and the general people such as health providers and elderly patients. The exclusion of articles, on the other hand, was based on its description of cultural competency outside the health setting. |
| Health Information |
The Type 2 diabetes is argued to be affecting the African Americans at a higher rate as compared to the other people in the United States. Statistically, at least 11 percent and 15 percent black men and women respectively are affected by diabetes as compared to 7 and 6.9 percent in white women and men respectively (Marcum et al., 2013). Therefore, the differences in genetics in metabolic adaptions to obesity based on the racial background can be the prime cause factor. In that connection, a hypothesis can be drawn that states that the higher incidence of diabetes in African Americans is due to poor nutrition in mothers coming from a lower socioeconomic status in the society (Chen et al., 2010). When it comes to the diagnosis of diabetes Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) provides accurate quality assurance assessments under standardized criteria supported by values of international references. In essence, a smaller variance in the glycosylated hemoglobin is linked to a higher risk in complications associated with diabetes such as retinal degeneration. |
| Research Findings |
From the research studies, it can be observed that diabetes mellitus has differences in ethnic and racial age progression of the disease. Apparently, a significant factor that determines the progression of diabetes is the level of blood sugar control in the body with regards to the glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb). According to a given study, it was observed that there is a significant difference in glycosylated hemoglobin for blacks and whites, with each possessing 10.5% and 8.4% respectively (Tyrovolas et al., 2009). In general, a bigger factor that can be influencing the difference in diabetic progression with age for the whites and blacks population is their accessibility to healthcare and taking control of an elevated level of glycosylated hemoglobin In another study that included controlling the risks factors of diabetes and intervention, Marcum et al. advocated for changes in lifestyle which was found to have a profound effect on both young and older diabetic patient adults (Marcum et al., 2013). Both physical activity and medical nutrition therapy were found effective, whereby metformin treatment was introduced for medical therapy. Though there are some diabetic patient who required monitoring, patients having comorbid illnesses, multiple drug use, or certain levels of HbA1c, should evaluate before initiated into such treatment |
References
Tyrovolas, S., Zeimbekis, A., Bountziouka, V., Voutsa, K., Pounis, G., Papoutsou, S., ... & Panagiotakos, D. B. (2009). Factors associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among elderly men and women living in Mediterranean islands: the MEDIS study. The review of diabetic studies: RDS , 6 (1), 54.
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Chen, L. K., Chen, Y. M., Lin, M. H., Peng, L. N., & Hwang, S. J. (2010). Care of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus: a focus on frailty. Aging research reviews , 9 , S18-S22.
Marcum, Z. A., Zheng, Y., Perera, S., Strotmeyer, E., Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., ... & Study, H. A. (2013). Prevalence and correlates of self-reported medication non-adherence among older adults with coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy , 9 (6), 817-827.
