Henry William is a 38-year-old male who has recently been diagnosed with Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The etiology of his condition is related to his time of army service in Iraq. Before he joined the army, he also lived in New Jersey, but is now homeless because he was unable to pay his mortgage. At the moment he lives with his family and works in a finance firm. Henry is also an alcoholic and his job is currently in jeopardy because of his behavior. Despite of this profile, Henry doesn’t agree to his presumed diagnosis of PTSD.
Criterion A for diagnosis of PTSD outlines the continued exposure to violence ( Weathers, 2018) . It is possible that Henry could have developed his PTSD while in Iraq before moving to the USA where he was employed. Criterion B for diagnosis of PTSD outlines intrusion symptoms, Henry could be experiencing repetitive memories of the traumatic events as a result of the deeds the army conducted in Iraq. Dissociative reactions could also be recurring where he feels as if the traumatic events are reoccurring. This creates an environment where he is dissociated from the current and back into the war like environment. Criterion C for diagnosis requires the determination of avoidance of the stimuli related to the trauma. Henry seems to reject talking about the PTSD since it reminds him of the traumatic events ( Guina et al., 2016) . Criterion C, also outline the avoidance of reminders of the traumatic events or the efforts to remind one of these traumatic events.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
Criterion D for the diagnosis of PTSD outlines the negative alterations in mood and cognitive functional ( Weathers, 2018) . The alteration could be attributed to factors such as being dissociative amnesia, persistent negative effects about oneself, reduced participation in significant activities, persistent negative emotional events, detachment from others and inability to feel positive about life. Henry manifests with most of criterion C, as this dissociate amnesia and inability to participate in significant activities at work place affect his work.
Criterion E outlines arousal and reactivity during or after the events. This could be marked by angry outbursts, reckless and self-destructive behavior, hyper vigilance, concentration issues, and change sin sleep patterns. Henry could be displaying all of these symptoms, since his family and workplace have notified him about this. His self-destructive behaviors could be attributed by the reckless drinking.
Criterion F also outline that the above symptoms have occurred more than a month, while criterion G indicate that these symptoms cause significant social changes ( Weathers, 2018) . Henry has had these symptoms for more than a month, and has affected his relationship at work and with family.
Therapeutic Methods
The recommended methods are cognitive behavior therapy, exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and processing ( Lancaster, et al., 2018) . Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) involves changing the patient’s mindset thinking about the traumatic events. It reassures the patient that whatever happened isn’t too traumatic and one can change. The therapy involves helping the patient critically reevaluate the traumatic events ( Lewis et al., 2020). Exposure therapy involves being restarted on the traumatic events so as to remove the mindset and face the traumatic events once again. This enables them to face these challenges afresh and effectively ( Lewis et al., 2020) . EMDR treatment involves the therapist moving their finger from side to side, while recalling the traumatic events ( Lewis et al., 2020).
Outcomes
The perceived outcomes of these therapies would be to reduce the patents symptoms, as well as change their mindset of these traumatic events. These changes would be witnessed at the family and workplace levels and would help him sustain his jobs and relationships. In some of the instances, there can be development of remittance of the symptoms after treatment. There are also cases where there is persistence of the symptoms even after the process of therapy ( Larsen et al., 2016) . The cause of these outcomes has been associated to the structural factors in the brain and therefore their study entails the examination of the MRI scans of the patients ( Larsen et al., 2016) . Regardless, the trauma-unrelated emotional processes play a part in the outcomes and therefore treatment should focus on that part too.
References
Guina, J., Welton, R. S., Broderick, P. J., Correll, T. L., & Peirson, R. P. (2016). DSM-5 criteria and its implications for diagnosing PTSD in military service members and veterans. Current psychiatry reports , 18 (5), 43.
Larsen, S. E., Stirman, S. W., Smith, B. N., & Resick, P. A. (2016). Symptom exacerbations in trauma-focused treatments: Associations with treatment outcome and non-completion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 77, 68-77.
Lancaster, C. L., Teeters, J. B., Gros, D. F., & Back, S. E. (2016). Posttraumatic stress disorder: overview of evidence-based assessment and treatment. Journal of clinical medicine , 5 (11), 105.
Lewis, C., Roberts, N. P., Andrew, M., Starling, E., & Bisson, J. I. (2020). Psychological therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology , 11 (1), 1729633.
Weathers, F. W. (2018). DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for PTSD. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder , 31.
