Bureaucracy is the large formal organization of administration that informs and isresponsible for the daily operation of an organization. It operates at both national, state, and the local levels. Principally, the characteristics of beuracracy include clarity of hierarchy, division of labor, and the endeavor is governemd by a set of formal rules.
Bureaucracy as illustrated by formal organizations is characterized by clear hierachy. These organizations have chains of command and allemployees have someone who oversees them to whom they are answerable to.. The power is high at the top of the hierarchy and flows down diminishingly. For example in schools, the principle is at the top followed by the deputy to senior teacher to the other teacher and finally to the school captains.
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Another characteristic illustrated in the formal organization is specialization and division of labor. Every employee is specialized to do a certain task in the organization. The workers have been given the mandates to accomplish a particular task that is within their professional domain and job description. In hospitals, specialization is exhibited by the presence of anadministration, surgeons, doctors, nurses, statisticians, and other members of staff that are not trained in the medical field. Contextually, division of labor is the splitting of tasks into specific parts that are allocated to individual employee. This is the basis for specialization in an organization. Employees assigned to complete different tasks work together to achieve a given goal in the firm. For instance, in school, the teaching process is divided into different tasks, which are completed by the headteacher, deputy, class teacher, subject teacher, who work together to complete the teaching process.
The last characteristic of bureaucracy exhibited in the formal sectors is the presence of a set of formal rules. These are the laid down procedures that aid operation in the organization, and every specialist in the hierarchy has written instructions that underpin task completion. The procedures are important since they enhance proper performance of the tasks and helps a company achieve its efficiency objective. For example, school rules outlines duties and responsibilities of every member of the teaching fraternity.
Fom the characteristics, it can be inferred that bureaucracy is an important aspect inan organization because it propagates harmony in the organization, promotes effecincy, and increases productivity.
