The cardiovascular system comprises the heart, the network of blood vessels and blood. The heart is found at the center of the chest between the two lungs. The primary task of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The blood vessels are located in different organs of the body and are the tubes through which blood flows and reaches different parts of the body (Miller and Gal, 2017). Blood is made up of plasma and cells that transport oxygen and other nutrients throughout the entire body. On the other hand, the lymphatic system refers to an extensive network of vessels running throughout the body. The fact that the system is open implies that it does not depend on the heart’s pumping. The lymphatic system serves to maintain body fluid levels, augment the immune system and expel cellular waste (Miller & Gal, 2017). The lymph flow in the lymphatic system is slower than the blood flow in the cardiovascular system because the latter is pressurized by the heart.
The closed circulatory system maintains a microbiota-free environment in the blood by preventing the entry of foreign agents into the bloodstream. Additionally, the lymph nodes contain lymphocytes and phagocytes which carry out phagocytosis, hence killing and removing microbes from the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems (Belkaid & Harrison, 2017). When an individual receives an intramuscular vaccine injection in their right deltoid muscle, the vaccine is introduced into the dermis layer of the skin. The dermis layer contains most of the skin lymphocytes, tissue macrophages, mast cells and other migrant leukocytes. In the dermis, the vaccine interacts with the host immune cells, triggering an antibody reaction. The B-lymphocytes in the dermis produce antibodies against the antigen in the vaccine (LeBien & Tedder, 2008). The antibodies are then transported around the body via the bloodstream where they look for specific pathogens and engulf them.
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
References
Belkaid, Y., & Harrison, O. J. (2017). Homeostatic immunity and the microbiota. Immunity , 46 (4), 562–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.04.008
LeBien, T. W., & Tedder, T. F. (2008). B lymphocytes: How they develop and function. Blood , 112 (5), 1570–1580. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2008-02-078071
Miller, L. M., & Gal, A. (2017). Cardiovascular system and lymphatic vessels. Pathologic Basis of Veterinary Disease , 561–616.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-35775-3.00010-2
