Discussion question 1
Cystic fibrosis disorder causes damage to the digestive system, lungs, and other body organs. This disorder significantly affects cells that generate digestive juices, sweat, and mucus. The secreted fluids are usually thin as well as slippery but in individuals with cystic fibrosis, a defective gene makes the secretions thick and sticky. Rather than acting as lubricants, these secretions plug up passageways, tubes, and ducts, particularly in the pancreas and lungs. As much as cystic fibrosis is a continuous disorder and requires daily care, children with cystic fibrosis usually attend school (Høiby et al., 2017). They always have a better quality of life as compared to children that had cystic fibrosis in the past ten years.
Cystic fibrosis influences the physical, mental, or emotional development of a child. In physical development, cystic fibrosis causes the pancreas to produce pancreatic secretions that are abnormally acidic. As a result of the abnormal acidic nature of the pancreatic secretions, digestive enzymes that digest proteins and fats are blocked from reaching the intestines which cause incomplete digestion and nutrient absorption. As indicated by Schwank et al. (2013), the lack of these nutrients prevents normal development in children. Apart from influencing physical development, cystic fibrosis can also cause emotional development in children.
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Children diagnosed with cystic fibrosis have different lives as compared to those children without the disease. They have great demands that range from feeding, regular procedures such as cough swabs and blood tests and treatments. Since children with cystic fibrosis have smaller and thinner bodies, the body image stereotype impact may be a problem for the children with the disease. They may also feel frustrated by the rising responsibility of taking care of their treatments. In mental development, these children or their parents are likely to experience depression and anxiety. When depression is left untreated, it interferes with the ability of the children to manage cystic fibrosis effectively. Anxiety can be caused by worries about their changes in health and social relationships.
Discussion question 2
Skin cancer results from abnormal skin development that is formed on skins exposed to the sun. However, these types of cancer can also occur on skin areas that are not exposed to skin. Basal cell carcinoma, Squamous cell carcinoma as well as melanoma are the three main forms of cancer. Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the types of cancer that is not commonly related to sun exposure. It is a typical skin cancer type that establishes itself in the outer and middle layers of the skin (Ferris et al., 2016). This type of cancer is not severe at the start but becomes aggressive if not treated. This kind of skin cancer cells can spread rapidly into various body parts and cause numerous serious complications.
The squamous cell carcinomas are caused by prolonged ultraviolet radiation exposure. According to Fox et al. (2019), the UV rays that cause squamous cell carcinoma come from tanning lamps or beds. The UV rays from the sun also cause squamous cell carcinoma. This indicates that squamous cell carcinoma is not mainly caused by the sun UV rays but depends on other UV rays. Since they can occur at any place of the body, this rules out the sun to be the main cause of squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma sign and symptoms include flat sore with a scaly crust, rough, scaly patch on the lips, and a red sore or rough patch in the mouth. This kind of skin cancer can be diagnosed by a dermatologist who will ask you about your medical history, indoor tanning, and the signs and symptoms you have experienced. Squamous cell carcinoma can be treated with minor surgery that can be conducted in the office of the officer.
References
Ferris, R. L., Blumenschein Jr, G., Fayette, J., Guigay, J., Colevas, A. D., Licitra, L., ... & Worden, F. (2016). Nivolumab for recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Engl J Med, 375, 1856-1867.
Fox, M., Brown, M., Golda, N., Goldberg, D., Miller, C., Pugliano-Mauro, M., ... & Nehal, K. (2019). Nodal staging of high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 81(2), 548-557.
Høiby, N., Bjarnsholt, T., Moser, C., Jensen, P. Ø., Kolpen, M., Qvist, T., ... & Ciofu, O. (2017). Diagnosis of biofilm infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Apmis, 125(4), 339-343.
Schwank, G., Koo, B. K., Sasselli, V., Dekkers, J. F., Heo, I., Demircan, T., ... & Nieuwenhuis, E. E. (2013). Functional repair of CFTR by CRISPR/Cas9 in intestinal stem cell organoids of cystic fibrosis patients. Cell stem cell, 13(6), 653-658.
