Climate change is one of the issues of concern globally. It refers to the changes in average conditions like temperatures and rainfall, something we are all experiencing. Temperatures have been increasing in the world for many decades. It is essential to understand climate change, Greenhouse effects, causes, and solutions to climate change. The Greenhouse effect is a factor that has led to an increase in earth's temperatures, and global warming. Greenhouse gaseous components, which are carbon (IV) oxide, nitrous oxide, methane, water vapor, and other gases, act as a blanket in the atmosphere, thus preventing heat escape from the earth (Darkwah et al., 2018). This, in turn, keeps the earth warm. Without these gases, the earth could be too cold to be inhabited. The Greenhouse gases are transparent to allow the passage of sunlight to the earth's ground and, at the same time, opaque to prevent the heat radiated from the earth's ground from escaping. The greenhouse gases (GHG) are mixed proportionately to emit some earth's radiated heat and absorb some while filtering the sun's rays to reduce their effect on the earth's surface. A change in the proportions leads to global warming. Natural and man's activities lead to the emission of GHG into the atmosphere, causing imbalances, thus destroying the ozone layer. This leads to a rise in earth's temperatures leading to global warming effects such as the melting of glaciers, which kills plants. As a result, animals lack food, thus dying. Humans lose food from plants and animals. The GHG's natural causes include natural forest fires, permafrost, which holds the carbon and methane gases, and leaks the carbon to the atmosphere, Sunspots, water vapor, and animals through the emission of carbon IV Oxide while breathing. The humanmade causes of GHG include deforestation induced by humans, burning of fossil fuels, burning of garbage, overpopulation, which leads to the emission of CO2 when humans breathe out, Oil and Coal mining, and use of fertilizers among other activities that destroy ecosystems through the emission of toxic gases to the atmosphere. Climate change can be reversed to reduce the effects of global warming on the earth. Deforestation is one of the activities many people in this community have been undertaking. The tragedy of the commons is in the mind of many people here and, if not checked, will leave this area to inhabit able. The change in rainfall patterns in this area is caused by deforestation. Afforestation and reforestation are vital in reducing the global warming effects. Trees hold CO2 during their growth, leading to a balance of CO2 and oxygen in the air. It is estimated that planting trees in five hundred million hectares for a decade will stabilize and reduce the carbon (IV) oxide concentration in the air, thus reducing global warming (Paras & Pooja,2020). This initiative begins with you. I would like us to agree on the least number of trees one should plant. This will help in controlling the carbon (IV) oxide concentration in the air. Increasing the earth's albedo is another way of reducing global warming. Increased albedo will reflect much solar-radiated heat, reducing the short wave that reaches the earth's surface. This can be done by replacing roofs and building materials with higher albedo materials or coating (Paras et al., 2020). The rooftops should be painted white to help in reflecting the solar-radiated heat. According to Sharma, Ajai & Kiran (2017), the use of white paint roofs in India if increased from 0.28-0.80 will reflect 1.314 W/ m2 and reduce the temperature by approximately 0.63K. It is now time to put every measure into action to prevent climate change and global warming if we want to see the next generation on earth's face. Another way of reducing global warming is the use of renewable energy sources. This includes solar and wind. These sources do not emit CO2 into the environment. According to IPCC 2019, reports on climate change and global warming, 2/3 of greenhouse gases are emitted from non-renewable sources of energy. Therefore, it is a call to the whole world to avoid the use of non-renewable energy sources and move towards the use of wind and solar energy. The world is us, avoid charcoal at all costs to save the planet earth. As your community leader, I undertook a short training on environmental geology. I plant trees occasionally, whenever I cut one, I replace it with three. My house is painted white to help in the reflection of heat. Further, I use solar as a source of energy at home. Non-renewable energy sources like gas are used in my home as opposed to charcoal, emitting carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As we have agreed, I will plant more trees to conserve the environment. My earth overshoot day is 9th September. If everyone lived like me, we would need 1.4 piles of the earth! This means that I still have a long way to go to sustain the environment. Conclusively climate change affects everyone. Understanding the greenhouse effect and its effects on humans and plants is useful. Global warming is caused by nature or by humans. It is our role to prevent global warming caused by humans as NASA tries to control some natural causes of global warming. Afforestation and reforestation, renewable sources of energy, increasing the earth's albedo, and avoiding emissions to the atmosphere are essential in saving planet earth.
References
Darkwah, W., Odum, B., Addae, M., Koomson, D., Kwakye, D., Oti-Mensah, E., Asenso, T., & Buanya, B. (2018). Greenhouse effect: Greenhouse Gases and their Impact of Global Warming. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports. (17) . 1-9. 10.9734/ JSRR/2017/39630.
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IPCC (2018), Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 0 C, IPCC, Geneva, www.ipcc.ch/sr15
Paras, M., & Pooja, R. (2020). Global warming, impacts and mitigation measures: an overview. Journal of Disaster Advances. (13) 5. 82-96
Sharma, S., Ajai & Kumar, A.S. (2017). Effect of urban surface albedo enhancement in India on climate cooling . Journal of remote sensing applications: society and environment. (8), 193-198.
