Prisonization can be considered as a process where people accept and adopt the culture and social life of prison society. Additionally, it can be defined as a situation where newly institutionalized offenders come to reality and accept criminal values and prison lifestyle (Horton, 2016) . On the other hand, felony disenfranchisement is a process where people who are eligible to vote are excluded because of a criminal offence conviction. This restriction is applied to those who have a serious offence: felonies. Therefore, it is upon the jurisdiction to decide whether to make such disfranchisement permanent or upheld it after a person has completed their sentence (van Zyl Smit, & Snacken, 2013) . Therefore, the aim of the paper is to explain how “Prisonization” and felony disenfranchisement foreclose on positive freedom by nurturing and guaranteeing sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships.
When people commit an offence, they are either charged or taken to prison to serve their sentence for a period. In some instances, prisoners are faced with some contingencies and pressure in which they are expected to adapt to the prison experiences. In this case, Prisonization has an effect of barring positive freedom of the inmates since they are not in a position to decide on what is good for them (van Zyl Smit, & Snacken, 2013) . There are several challenges that prisoners face in prison and, this changes their perception when they realize and join others in the free world. Within the prison, prisoners have the desire to continue with their normal life and these forces them to start engaging in sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships (Horton, 2016) .
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Additionally, felony disenfranchisement can result in sado-masochistic dependencies and relationship by limiting positive freedom. Felony disenfranchisement denies prisoners to exercise their freedom of voting (Levan, 2016) . Voting is a legal right of everyone, and during election period people are allowed to vote the leaders they so desire (Horton, 2016) . Therefore, when prisoners are denied right of freely participating in the election process, this can result in sado-masochistic dependencies. This is because they do not have anywhere to go and get emotional fulfillment but they can get it within the cells. This will force the inmates to start creation sado-masochistic relationship and dependences. When the inmates lack this freedom of engaging freely with others, they start getting involved in activities, which can make them fit in the condition where they are (Luyt, 2017) .
Some of the inmates are those people, who are married, and they are used to social kind of life, but when they are taken to jail, they are denied that freedom. This implies that when they are married men, they are not able to meet with their married wives. Since they are human being and they want to fulfill their desire, they will resort to sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships (Luyt, 2017) . In this case, it is noted that Prisons do not instill positive freedom to inmates but it is a place where people acquire wired lifestyles. Such lifestyles are not good since they can extend them to the community even after they have been released. Therefore, Prisonization can be viewed as a place where sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships are natured (Horton, 2016) .
Within a prison, there are different people with a varied cultural background, and they might want to excise it within the jails. As the prisoners continue to interact, they borrow some cultures and behaviour of other inmates due to pressure. As they spend times together, those who are new in the prison might think that some behaviors are normal within the confines of jails (Luyt, 2017) . Hence, when a person is taken to prison, they might find that most of the people are engaging in sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships. This can be a disappointment to such new prisoners as they come to the jail with the perception that they are going to learn ways of living when they go back to the community. Therefore, having such kind of relationship and dependencies can be viewed, as the culture of the prison and everyone tend to buy into the idea (van Zyl Smit, & Snacken, 2013) .
There are different ways through which Prisonization and felony disenfranchisement foreclose on positive freedom by nurturing and guaranteeing sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships. Some prisoners come into jails with different behaviours, and they start exercising them once in prison (Luyt, 2017) . This is enhanced when those who have great influence in prison are the one promoting the act. Those who are of less influence have no otherwise but to engage in those evil acts. Some prisoners are jailed while they are very innocent but they are forced in the act of sado -masochistic dependencies and relationships. In this case, Prisonization and felony disenfranchisement can be considered as avenues where sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships are nurtured (Horton, 2016) .
Prisoners are not provided with a proper code of conduct on how they should carry themselves when in prison and this only promotes sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships (DeLisi, 2014) . When a person is has committed a crime, Prisonization is not enough to help such people change their behaviour. Similarly, there is a need to come up inter-disciplinary approach, which can help them by instilling good behaviors when in prison (Luyt, 2017) . Therefore, failure to provide prisoners with a clear code of conduct on how they should change behaviour also promotes sado-masochistic relationship. Additionally, lack of proper training of prisoners also makes them vulnerable when in jail and they can engage in any activity due to fear. Prisonization should factors in need of train prisoners on the best way to stay with each other (van Zyl Smit, & Snacken, 2013) .
Prisonization and felony disenfranchisement foreclose on positive freedom by nurturing and guaranteeing sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships. This is possible when prisoners are not sorted regarding age and the nature of the crime committed (Shelden et al., 2016) . Age is an important factor, which should be considered during Prisonization. This is because there are those who are taken to prison when they are very young and vulnerable to influence (Horton, 2016) . When they are placed together with those who are older than they are, then there is the possibility of sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships. Additionally, a crime which is committed by people vary is nature and magnitude, and it should be considered during prisonization. There are those who are known criminals, and they understand behaviour, which is common in the prison. Such individual when are placed together with junior criminals that are likely to influence them on sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships (van Zyl Smit, & Snacken, 2013) .
Conclusion
Prisonization and felony disenfranchisement foreclose on positive freedom by nurturing and guaranteeing sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships. Prisonization has an effect of barring positive freedom of the inmates since they are not in a position to decide on what is good for them. Additionally, felony disenfranchisement can result in sado-masochistic dependencies and relationship by limiting positive freedom. Within a prison, there are different people with varied cultural background, and they might want to excise it within the jails. As the prisoners continue to interact, they borrow some cultures and behaviour of other inmates due to pressure. Some prisoners are jailed with different behaviours, and they start exercising it once they are in prison. This is enhanced when those who have great influence in prison are the one promoting the act. Prisoners are not provided with a proper code of conduct how they should carry themselves when in prison and this only promotes sado-masochistic dependencies and relationships.
References
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Horton, A. D. (2016). Clashes in confinement: Men's gendered experiences with conflict in Canadian prisons (Doctoral dissertation, Queen's University (Canada)).
Levan, K. (2016). Prison violence: Causes, consequences and solutions . Routledge.
Luyt, W. F. M. (2017). Prison Environments. Strategic Learning Ideologies in Prison Education Programs , 29.
Shelden, R. G., Brown, W. B., Miller, K. S., & Fritzler, R. B. (2015). Crime and criminal justice in American society . Waveland Press.
van Zyl Smit, D., & Snacken, S. (2013). Principles of European prison law and policy: Penology and human rights . OUP Oxford.
