Question 1
Are you more likely to suffer a medial ankle sprain when your foot is planted on the ground to push you forwards as you accelerate at the start of a run, OR a lateral ankle sprain when your foot is planted on the ground to push you sideways when changing direction during a cut, and why?
One is more likely to suffer a literal ankle sprain when one foot is planted on the ground to push you sideways when changing direction during a cut that to sustain a medial ankle sprain when one is planted on the ground to propel you forward as you accelerate as the start of a run. Injuries are most common due to their instability at the literal joint. At the same time, they are weak as compared to a medial ligament. With lateral ligaments, only a slight force is required to cause injury. The medial ligaments founded on the internal parts of the ankle are stable as compared to the outer lateral ligaments; thus medial ligaments need a strong force to damage.
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Question 2
Why is your ankle least stable when walking with your ankle plantarflexed (such as when wearing high heeled shoes, walking on tip toes, etc)?
The ankle is most stable in Dorsiflexion. However, if one wears high heeled shoes or walks on tiptoe, the ankle moves into, making the talus to glide anteriorly making the ankle unstable. Various muscles help in keeping the body stable and in the correct position. They include Flexor mallucis longus, Flexor digitorium longus, Peroneus longus, and Peroneus Brevis, among others. All the tendons and muscles help in keeping the body stable and balanced. However, any problem with any of the muscles as mentioned above weakens the body’s stability and balance. Waling with the ankle plantarflexed causes strain on the muscles contributing to instability and imbalance. The ankle joint gets its maintenance from talus shape, and especially it's fit with lying between the fibula and tibia. Neutral positions result in strong constraints of the bones. However, any increase in the plantar flexion, the susceptibility of the ligaments is increased, thus exposing the ligaments to injury and strain. The resulting scenario will no doubt rise instability, especially with the weight put more between the talus and tibia instead of between the talus and fibula.
Question 3
Why are the peroneus brevis, peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and tibialis posterior muscles particularly important to being able to maintain your balance when walking on uneven ground?
The muscles work together and have the responsibility of moving the foot in the outward direction in addition to pointing the foot and toe downward. The movement allows one to walk in uneven terrain without one losing balance. For example, the brevis and peroneus longus are the aversion of the actions of the feet, especially in kinetic chain movement. In weight-bearing situation, the peroneus longus provides stabilization for the rear part of the foot and at the same time, during propulsion. Stability is achieved by way of simultaneous movement, especially in the transverse planes with most movement primarily centered along the sagittal plane.
Question 4
Review activities 4a) and 4b) from lab 8. What ankle and foot motion properties are most indicative of someone having a flat foot?
Flat foot is a situation in which one’s foot is nearly or all of it touching the ground when one is standing. Properties of such foot while in motion include transverse arches, depressed longitudinal and excessive pronation while in motion. There is also a total or partial breakdown of the arch. The toe drift is also another characteristic whereby the front section of the feet is pointing forward (outward). While in motion, the heel tends to tilt outwards with the ankle appearing to turn in. While walking, a tight tendon makes the heel to lift while walking and seems to make the problem severe as hammertoes may advance.
Question 5
Review activities 4a), 4b), and 4c) from lab 8. For someone with a high arch, what type of support or movement correction should they look for in a running shoe (assume they will be running 3 miles per session 4 times per week).
During movement, someone with high arches puts a lot of unnecessary stress on the ankles and toes, thus leading to instability and pain. The foot will tend to supinate or roll outward increasing the risk of a fracture or ankle sprain. For movement and support correction, they should use custom orthotic shoes that provide cushioning and stability to the foot. The orthotic shoes should be fitted with devices that help in cushioning the foot and to offer arch support. The shoe will help in distributing the body weight evenly.
