The United States Department of Homeland Security is the newest in the U.S. cabinet. Its primary missions include disaster management and prevention, cyber-security, immigration and customs, border security, and anti-terrorism ( McElreath et al. 2017). The department has the general responsibility for the country's security and has the largest departments in the Federal government cabinet. The agency's works and responsibilities are organized by the Homeland Security Council based at the White House. The United States Department of Homeland Security was established after the September 11 assaults. Then-President George W. Bush stated that the agency would have the primary role of managing "homeland security" strategies ( Aust, Brandl, Keegan, & Lensges, 2019). The primary mission of the department is to coordinate and develop the enactment of an all-inclusive country-wide plan of securing the county from terror attacks and threats. The agency has slightly over 20 departments. It is headed by the Secretary of Homeland Security and assisted by the Deputy Secretary. Some of the notable departments include:
United States Coast Guard
Management Directorate
The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services
U.S. Customs and Border Protection
Federal Law Enforcement Training Centers
Transportation Security Administration
Office of the Inspector General
Office of Intelligence and Analysis
United States Secret Service ( McElreath et al. 2017)
Under the agencies are other significant components. The departments interact by sharing highly classified information on national security and all aspects of communication, safety, and internal country-wide protection. Through the investigations, the components and various departments have in place long-range coordination and planning of their activities that involve threat assessment, research, training, risk reduction, integration of policies, and coordination of infrastructure protections. McElreath et al. (2017) argued that the department also liaises with all levels of the federal and state governments. It also liaises with the private sector for information exchange and intelligence gathering. For example, the Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction Office coordinates its activities with the Office of Intelligence and Analysis for information on any dangerous weapon within the country or attempts to smuggle in an illegal weapon of mass destruction. The Directorate of Science and Technology must also liaise with the Cyber-security and Infrastructure Security Agency on intelligence issues based on technology and data systems. Miller (2017) maintained that the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services coordinate its activities with the Office of Field Operations which is under U.S. immigration and Customs Enforcement to confirm the traveling authentication of persons entering or leaving the country. According to McElreath et al. (2017) with increased terror risks and the threats of increased illegal migration, the entire Homeland Security has intensified its efforts towards securing the country's borders and internal security. The human resource department of the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services plays a significant role in immigrants' stay and work in the U.S. for illegal immigrants. The department human resource department has a direct contribution to an individual's employment ( Gaines & Kappeler, 2019). For example, in asking how an individual can contribute to the economy, the human resource department within the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services has a direct say in one's level of competence and contribution once in the job market. The Human Resource Department in close collaboration and coordination with the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services keenly follows immigrants’ employment, especially those in the country legally ( McElreath et al. 2017). The department has in place protocols and employment procedures for all legal migrants in the country. Through the department, immigrants can follow through with their employment status, pay, benefits, and immigration status. Since the September 11 terror attack, the department has in place strict regulations through various immigration policies such as the Constituent policy, and Public Charge Policy, among others. Close collaboration with other security agencies helps the human resource department in Homeland Security outline measures and regulations that directly affect the employment and pay of immigrants ( Oleksiyenko, 2019 p. 34). For example, the human resource department has a direct contribution to restrictions such as the authenticity of living standards and minimum bank balances. Through this, the department outlines how, where and in which sectors immigrants can get employment and stabilize their living while in the United States. The U.S. Lottery card is directly under the Immigration Department. Through the human resource department, an individual can enjoy multiple benefits outlined by the human resource department. The Green Card Lottery is aimed at formulating legal stay and work in the United States for immigrants from identified countries ( McElreath et al. 2017). Through the human resource department, an immigrant in the U.S. courtesy of the Green Card Lottery is directly affected by established employment regulations such as immigration opportunities, permanent stay, and continued renewal of one stay in the US under the program. While some of the policies enacted may affect immigrants negatively, some are for the good of enhancing employment opportunities and permanency in the U.S. Effective and sufficient budgeting of the immigration department enables it to carry out and enact all the congressional and Presidential policies targeting immigrants. For example, sufficient budgeting enables the department to carry out its planned immigration policies that aim to enact expanding diversity in the country. At the same time, it enables the department to remain focused on improving the lives of immigrants in the country without compromising the country’s security. At the same time, it helps and enhances the confidence of immigrants helping them realize their American dream ( Golash-Boza, 2015). Through fortified and robust measures, the department is able to follow up on all immigration issues affecting immigrants such as employment, and renewal of their Lottery cards. A sufficient budget in the immigration department also improves decision-making processes and accuracy in managerial duties. An insufficient budget is bound to cripple the operations of the department putting the affairs of immigrants at risk. The department is also bound to lack control over its operations limiting some essential services that are essential for the well-being of immigrants. Budget shortfalls, restrictions, and insufficiency may also change various aspects of immigration that may expose and derail the effective implementation of immigration policies essential for good harmonization of the same. Other negative impacts may take a long to be revealed and these may only make matters worse for immigrants who depend on the favorable policies and measures put forth. Politically charged debates touching on immigration and immigrants are not only a common feature of America’s politics but remain a thorny subject in the country. Despite the Statute of Liberty welcoming all and sundry into the United States, America’s political relationship with immigrants has always been ambivalent. According to Abrajano & Hajnal (2017) all throughout the history of America, charged and persistent debates regarding the consequences and nature have been ongoing. Over the years, legislators and political aspirants have used the subject of immigrants to win votes and forge their political careers. Elections have been based on the thorny question of immigration. The contentious and heated debate over who needs permission to get into the United States has ignited serious division in local, state, executive, judiciary, and Congress. Political responsiveness has not only been controversial but has raised numerous policy debates that, on many occasions, have split the country and political leaders. Negative and controversial political responsiveness has not only compromised significant achievements on immigration policies but has also threatened the total collapse of multiple policies aimed at harmonizing existing and fronted immigration plans such as the DV Lottery and the entire Immigration Act of 1990. With diverse political opinions on the policies and regulations, immigrants in various working positions have felt unsafe with increased cases of deportation and discrimination ( Abrajano & Hajnal, 2017). Many employers have also taken advantage of the thorny debate surrounding immigration regulations to mistreat and take advantage of immigrants. With the number of immigrants rising each year and continued political responsiveness, immigrants’ welfare and future are in limbo with increased chances of stiff policies granting their safe stay in the country.
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References
Abrajano, M., & Hajnal, Z. L. (2017). White backlash: Immigration, race, and American politics. Princeton University Press.
Aust, I., Brandl, J., Keegan, A. E., & Lensges, M. (2017). Tensions in Managing Human Resources: Introducing a Paradox Framework and Research Agenda. In Smith, WK, Lewis, ML, Jarzabkowski, P., Langley, A.(eds.). Oxford Handbook of Organizational Paradox. Oxford University Press.
Gaines, L. K., & Kappeler, V. E. (2019). Homeland Security and Terrorism. Pearson.
Golash-Boza, T. M. (2015). Immigration nation: Raids, detentions, and deportations in post-9/11 America. Routledge.
McElreath, D. H., Doss, D. A., Nations, R., Van Slyke, J., & Wigginton Jr, M. (2017). Introduction to homeland security. CRC Press.
Miller, T. (2017). Storming the wall: Climate change, migration, and homeland security. City Lights Books.
Oleksiyenko, A. V. (2019). “Steering Core”: Strategy-Makers amid Competing Agendas. In Academic Collaborations in the Global Marketplace (pp. 67-110). Springer, Cham.
