Many of the patients who suffer from Tuberculosis in the US are males in correctional facilities. The number of males with Tuberculosis in the US correctional facilities is higher compared to the number of civilian cases, accounting for about 25% of total Tuberculosis cases in the US (WHO, 2016) . The increase in TB infe ctions in US jails is due to poor ventilation, malnutrition, late diagnosis, and regular exchange of prisoners within the cells. Tuberculosis is also prevalent in male inmates with HIV (Lambert et al., 2016). Due to the above problems, male patients have developed health issues, such as kidney problems, heart disorders, and other TB-related infections.
Due to the severity of Tuberculosis on male correctional facilities, nursing interventions are required to aid in the mitigation of the spread and cure of TB infections. Nursing interventions on patients include administering medication to TB patients as per the treatment prescriptions. Inmates should also be taught that Tuberculosis is contagious, and therefore, the most effective measure of preventing the transmission is by taking medication according to the prescriptions. Also, TB patients should eat balanced diet food to boost their immune system. Regular schedules that aim to develop nutrition plans should also be developed, allowing them to have healthy meals. Additionally, TB patients should be taught the importance of taking proper hygienic measures, such as covering their mouths and noses while coughing or sneezing, regular handwashing, and disposing of the tissues properly after use.
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The alternative plan to solve the problem of the spread of Tuberculosis in the correction facilities is applying various strategic measures. The first is identifying people who have Tuberculosis at the early stages by carrying out regular and entry continuing screenings (CDC, 2012) . This identification will aid in identifying sick people at early stages hence giving proper treatments and medications. Secondly, appropriate airborne measures, such as isolating the airborne infections, ensuring proper environmental controls, and protecting the respiratory systems , would reduce TB cases. Additionally, installing laboratory services within the correctional facilities to facilitate fast testing and analysis of patient samples would assist in helping inmates with TB. There should also be adequate medical supplies within the correctional facilities to ensure that all patients acquire enough medicine. Policies should also be put upon in the correctional facilities to govern the behavior of individuals within the facilities.
The treatment intervention outcomes on tuberculosis infections are adequate nutrition due to the adherence of the nurse’s meal schedules. There would be the prevention of the spread of TB infections as a result of individuals in the correctional facilities maintaining hygiene and proper isolation of patients diagnosed with Tuberculosis. There would be adherence to the treatment prescriptions when patients stick to the nurse’s education on medical prescriptions. Treatment failure for patients with sputum smears positive at five months after starting treatments of anti-tuberculosis. This treatment failure is caused by the relation between the beginning of treating of anti TB, and Multi-Drug Resistance TB (Namukwaya et al., 2011). As a result of increasing support to the patients under treatment in the correction facilities, there can be fewer patients whose bodies are resistant to tuberculosis drugs and an increased number of patients who complete their treatment successfully. There would be a cure for bacterias that cause tuberculosis infections after completing the patient’s treatment (WHO, 2019). Patients who are adversely affected by tuberculosis infections might survive or succumb. The time frame for undergoing tuberculosis treatments by taking antibiotics, as recommended by nurses, should be between six to nine months. This time frame is because the treatments depend on the patient's age, health status, and drug resistance possibilities.
References
CDC. (2012, September 1). Tuberculosis(TB) . Retrieved from Center for Disease Control and Prevention: https://www.cdc.gov/tb/topic/populations/correctional/default.htm
Lambert, L. A., Armstrong, L. R., Lobato, M. N., Ho, C., France, A. M., & Haddad, M. B. (2016). Tuberculosis in Jails and Prisons: United States, 2002−2013. American Journal of Public Health, 106 (12), 2231-2237. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2016.303423
Namukwaya, E., Nakwagala, F. N., Mulekya, F., Mayanja-Kizaa, H., & Mugerwa, R. (2011). Predictors of treatment failure among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Mulago hospital, Uganda. African Health Sciences , 105-111. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.4314%2Fahs.v11i3.70079
WHO. (2016, April 19). Tuberculosis in Prisons . Retrieved from World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/tb/areas-of-work/population-groups/prisons-facts/en/
WHO. (2019). WHO consolidated guidelines on drug-resistant tuberculosis treatment. doi:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539515/
