Evidence-based medicine prohibits acceptance of published results at face value. Published research can have methodological flaws, limited generalizability, and biases (Harrison, Reid, Quinn & Shenkin, 2016). Conduction or consideration of research requires an understanding of the process and language of assessing quality for clinicians to apply research into practice.
In appraising the sample, population, and setting, I would determine the research question, appropriateness and validity of the study design, and whether the study is ethical. I would also consider the expected results and the implications of the findings for clinical practice. In determining the implication for clinical practice, I would assess the benefits and costs, the generalizability of intervention, setting, and population, and application in practice in terms of patients' preferences and treatment among other considerations.
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In appraising the research question, I would first determine the scientific rationale, where the study was conducted, the existence of pre-defined hypothesis, interventions compared, study population, and the considered outcomes. I would then assess the study design to determine the trial design, treatments being studies, whether randomization is performed, individuals included in the trial, whether the study was blinded, and whether individuals in the different treatment group were equally treated throughout the trial. The sample would be appraised by considering whether the used random control trial is superiority, equivalence, non-inferiority, or equivalence and non-inferiority.
The study population will be identified and a sample of patients will be recruited. The inclusion criteria will be any patient defined as eligible for the random control trial. The exclusion criteria will include individuals at harm by participating. Treatment to patients will be done using randomly generated randomized lists. The treatments will be concealed from investigators so that allocations will be unknown when patients are invited to participate to eliminate bias.
Reference
Harrison, J. K., Reid, J., Quinn, T. J., & Shenkin, S. D. (2016). Using quality assessment tools to critically appraise aging research: a guide for clinicians. Age and aging , 46 (3), 359-365.
