Hypersensitivity reactions are dysfunctions of the immune system, which are damaging and uncomfortable reactions released by the immune system in response to harmless antigens ( Owen & Punt& Stranford, 2013) . Hypersensitivity reactions are grouped into classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 depending on the antibodies released, causative agents, and duration of the responses.
Type one is the anaphylactic reaction where histamine and other mediators are released when re-exposed to the antigens. Type 2 is characterized by cytotoxic T cells against antigens in the body. It can result in the activation of the complement system and ADCC, which then kills the antigens. Type 3 occurs due to complement activation to the antigen-antibody complexes deposited in the body, while type four occurs due to a delayed reaction in response to an antigen. Class four is mediated by T cells mostly ( Owen & Punt& Stranford, 2013)
Delegate your assignment to our experts and they will do the rest.
The symptomatology of the patients is reflected by the type and organ affected, or whether systemic or local. In the gastrointestinal tract, it causes diarrhea, blaring, and nausea while in the problematic respiratory breathing, increased mucus production, coughing, and bronchospasm is prevalent. In systemic reactions, vasodilation leading to hypotensive shock and anaphylaxis are the significant symptoms. End organ damage and effects can also be seen in some hypersensitivity reactions. Examples are in the kidney where hematuria and uremia manifest ( Owen & Punt& Stranford, 2013 ).
Patients living with hypersensitivity disorders may be forced to consume drugs that weakened their immune systems as opposed to other people. Some of the conditions they receive could also be life-threatening and also develop psychiatric disorders like anxiety disorders. Sometimes, they may be forced to live in secluded environments that are protecting them from these antigens. Such activities come at a cost.
References
Owen, J. A., Punt, J., & Stranford, S. A. (2013). Kuby immunology, (p. 692). New York: WH Freeman.
