Researchers conducted a quantitative research to research if the proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%. The research was conducted since there could exist a language barrier between patients and practitioners could affect the quality of the service delivered. Other factors also affected the possible outcome of the quantitative research and they were incorporated into the study accordingly. The main research question, hypothesis and goal of the study are as shown below.
Question : Is the proportion of English speaking patients greater than 50%?
Hypothesis : The proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%.
Goal : To investigate if the proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%.
CATEGORICAL VARIABLES
Language, HAQ4c, HAQ15A, SmokHt
CONTINOUS VARIABLES
Age, NumRegMed
FREQUENCIES AND PERCENTAGES
| Variable | Frequency | Percentage | |
| Language | English (1) | 29 | 43.9% |
| Spanish (2) | 37 | 56.1% | |
| HAQ4C | Yes (1) | 11 | 16.7% |
| No (0) | 55 | 83.3% | |
| HAQ15a | Can do (1) | 38 | 57.6% |
| Can do with some difficulty (2) | 15 | 22.7% | |
| Can’t do without help (3) | 13 | 19.7% | |
| SmokHt | Non-smoker (1) | 42 | 63.6% |
| Smoker (2) | 24 | 36.4% |
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3a). The Null and Alternative Hypothesis
3b). Finding the proportion of English speaking patients
29 out of the 66 people speak English
29/66 = 0.439
3c). Finding the standard error
Finding the Z-STATISTIC
3d). Finding the critical Z-VALUE
The critical P VALUE
0.16109
The level of significance was 0.05, our p-value is greater than the level of significance 0.05, so we therefore fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of English-Speaking patients is greater than 0.5
4a). HYPOTHESES
4b). Mean Number of Medications
Non-Smokers = 2.98 Smokers = 3.79
4c). CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
4d). CRITICAL T-VALUE
-0.895
4e). P-VALUE is 0.374 which means it is significant, thus we fail to reject the null hypothesis
Dependent variable: NumRegMed, the Number of Medications used regularly.
Main Independent variable: SmokHt, the past smoking history.
Sub-independent variables: age, ability to take care of one’s needs, having fractured hip, leg, arm, spine.
The independent variable is the number of medications used regularly while the main independent variable is the past smoking history. Other sub-independent variables include the age ability to take care of one’s self. A regression analysis shows that the ability to take care of one’s self increases the chance of a patient speaking English. Furthermore, age has a positive correlation to the chance of a patient speaking English. Similarly, a fractured limb, hip or spine is positively related to the odds of having an English speaking patient. The smoking habit of the patient also had a positive correlation to the chances of the patient speaking English.
In conclusion, a proportion of patients may experience a language barrier that inhibits the quality of care. Further qualitative and quantitative analysis may be put in place to investigate the effect of the non-independent variables in the English speaking ability of the patient.
Reference
Kandelaki, K., Lundborg, C. S., & Marrone, G. (2015). Antibiotic use and resistance: a cross-sectional study exploring knowledge and attitudes among school and institution personnel in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. BMC research notes , 8 (1), 495.
