18 Sep 2022

173

Hypothesis Testing: Definition, Steps & Examples

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Academic level: College

Paper type: Assignment

Words: 388

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Researchers conducted a quantitative research to research if the proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%. The research was conducted since there could exist a language barrier between patients and practitioners could affect the quality of the service delivered. Other factors also affected the possible outcome of the quantitative research and they were incorporated into the study accordingly. The main research question, hypothesis and goal of the study are as shown below. 

Question : Is the proportion of English speaking patients greater than 50%? 

Hypothesis : The proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%. 

Goal : To investigate if the proportion of English speaking patients is greater than 50%. 

CATEGORICAL VARIABLES 

Language, HAQ4c, HAQ15A, SmokHt 

CONTINOUS VARIABLES 

Age, NumRegMed 

FREQUENCIES AND PERCENTAGES 

Variable    Frequency  Percentage 
Language  English (1)  29  43.9% 
  Spanish (2)  37  56.1% 
HAQ4C  Yes (1)  11  16.7% 
  No (0)  55  83.3% 
HAQ15a  Can do (1)  38  57.6% 
  Can do with some difficulty (2)  15  22.7% 
  Can’t do without help (3)  13  19.7% 
SmokHt  Non-smoker (1)  42  63.6% 
  Smoker (2)  24  36.4% 
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3a). The Null and Alternative Hypothesis 

3b). Finding the proportion of English speaking patients 

29 out of the 66 people speak English 

29/66 = 0.439 

3c). Finding the standard error 

Finding the Z-STATISTIC 

3d). Finding the critical Z-VALUE 

The critical P VALUE 

0.16109 

The level of significance was 0.05, our p-value is greater than the level of significance 0.05, so we therefore fail to reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the proportion of English-Speaking patients is greater than 0.5 

4a). HYPOTHESES 

4b). Mean Number of Medications 

Non-Smokers = 2.98 Smokers = 3.79 

4c). CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 

4d). CRITICAL T-VALUE 

-0.895 

4e). P-VALUE is 0.374 which means it is significant, thus we fail to reject the null hypothesis 

Dependent variable: NumRegMed, the Number of Medications used regularly. 

Main Independent variable: SmokHt, the past smoking history. 

Sub-independent variables: age, ability to take care of one’s needs, having fractured hip, leg, arm, spine. 

The independent variable is the number of medications used regularly while the main independent variable is the past smoking history. Other sub-independent variables include the age ability to take care of one’s self. A regression analysis shows that the ability to take care of one’s self increases the chance of a patient speaking English. Furthermore, age has a positive correlation to the chance of a patient speaking English. Similarly, a fractured limb, hip or spine is positively related to the odds of having an English speaking patient. The smoking habit of the patient also had a positive correlation to the chances of the patient speaking English. 

In conclusion, a proportion of patients may experience a language barrier that inhibits the quality of care. Further qualitative and quantitative analysis may be put in place to investigate the effect of the non-independent variables in the English speaking ability of the patient. 

Reference 

Kandelaki, K., Lundborg, C. S., & Marrone, G. (2015). Antibiotic use and resistance: a cross-sectional study exploring knowledge and attitudes among school and institution personnel in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. BMC research notes , 8 (1), 495. 

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StudyBounty. (2023, September 17). Hypothesis Testing: Definition, Steps & Examples.
https://studybounty.com/hypothesis-testing-definition-steps-and-examples-assignment

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