Environmental transmissions of viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and influenza are significant threats today. In 2019, the H7N9 virus was discovered in the poultry market in Hebei, China. The isolate was found to be transferrable through aerosols or direct contact with animals. Furthermore, the virus bears two mutations, PB1-H115Q and B2-E627K, with increased transmissibility. The research found that the H7N9 virus could be transferred to people through airborne droplets. The virus is deadly and has since brought the attention of the public. Since its discovery, the virus has spread worldwide and has resulted in economic losses, and has become a public health threat. According to research, the internal genes of the virus are a genetic combination of viral subtypes in wild birds in northeast Asia and chickens in Shanghai. Therefore, H7N9 is a complex recombinant virus (Zhang et al., 2021).
Another study found that the H5N1 influenza virus is caused by mutation of PB1 protein. Also, the H5N1 virus can transmit through aerosols, but transmission from animals to humans is rare. The H5N1 virus was detected in 21 U.S. states, and the outbreak was caused by North American lineage viruses, which are different from the Asian H5N1 viruses. Asian H5N1 and Asian H7N9 viruses have resulted in high mortality across the world. On the other hand, CDC regards North American lineage viruses to be less risky, but people should take general precautions. H5N1 is a strain of the influenza virus that causes bird flu. The symptoms of H5N1 range from mild to severe, and early diagnosis ensures prompt intervention (Akpan et al., 2020).
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Currently, the vaccine for the H7N9 virus is not available, although scientists have taken steps to develop a vaccine through the identification of the strain of the virus. However, seasonal flu vaccines do not prevent H7N9. The symptoms of the H7N9 virus start with coughing and fever. Mostly the illness progresses into pneumonia, septic shock, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (Pushko et al., 2020).
References
Akpan, C. E., & Ibrahim, M. O. (2020). Sensitivity Analysis for Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Epidemic Model with Exposed class. Asian Journal of Mathematics and Applications , 2020 .
Pushko, P., & Tretyakova, I. (2020). Influenza virus like particles (VLPs): opportunities for H7N9 vaccine development. Viruses , 12 (5), 518.
