International conflict involves states being in conflict with one another. These conflicts between states have different roles are caused by different situations hence causing war. The main categories of war are; the hegemonic war where states are fighting to control the whole world like the Second World War. The second category is the total war where a state fights to have power over another. Thirdly, there is the limited war conducted by the military to achieve some objective. Under this category, there are raids, which are single action wars such as a bombing run. The fourth category is the civil war within a state to prevent the coming up of a new government. Guerilla war is the final category that has no front lines and includes some types of civil wars (Joshua & Jon, 2013) .
The situations causing these wars or rather reasons behind states engaging in conflict can be defined under the discussion on theories about causes of war. An individual-level theory where decisions are made by leaders with the thought that going to war brings in more gain than being at peace. The other theory is the domestic level where some characteristics such as electoral pressures, public opinion, and economic actors may make a state less or more prone to violence hence cause warfare. Interstate level is a theory of causes of war as well where conflicts are likely to be caused by an occurrence of rising or declining power and relations about power between states. There is also the global level theory where conflict arises due to changes in the global distribution of military and economic power (Anon., n.d.) . As much as there are different theories, scientists cannot predict what conflicts are likely to cause war.
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So many warfare changes have taken place in terms of motivation, technology, and actors since the year 1945. Changes in terms of motivation include liberalism, realism, and social theories. Liberalism is where a state is motivated towards having the liberty of an individual (Locke) economically and politically hence becomes more peaceful over time. Realism, on the other hand, is there is economic or military threat or coercion, which gives a state the power to have an influence on others (Anon., n.d.) . The social theories include constructivism, Marxism, gender theories, and post-modernism. Technological warfare changes are caused by the fact that technology encourages cooperation among states hence chances of war occurring become very minimal (Joshua & Jon, 2013) . The changes among actors that have caused changes in warfare are through the rationality model where decision makers come up with goals and calculate the cost-benefit analysis, bureaucratic model where bureaucracies have different policies and interests that are competing, and group think models where decisions are made without accessing consequences due to set rules and standards.
Alongside the many changes in warfare, terrorism is one of the form or wars that came up. It is defined as the act of using force to change policies made by the government. Terrorist groups are usually non-governmental and act through causing fear and violence. Some of the causes or reasons why people opt for terrorism is to create awareness, due to poverty, religious influences, and the individual level (Anon., n.d.) . Terrorism has become diverse hence causing the setting up of plans to counter it. Plans such as policing activities where police forces break into terrorist organizations and kill terrorists. Having a military conflict that is organized is a plan set to counter terrorism too. There is also the act of encouraging development and economic growth through foreign aid to reduce having poor and uneducated people who could end up putting up terrorist organizations (Joshua & Jon, 2013) .
Generally, states engage in conflicts, which may end up causing warfare. Warfare has changed a lot due to changes in motivation, technology, and actors. Among the many warfare changes, is terrorism, a feared and violent act. The encouraging bit is that the growth of tourism has led to the development of policies to counter terrorism.
References
Anon., n.d. Global Conflict - Explaining Warfare, s.l.: Powerpoint Presentation.
Anon., n.d. IR Theories - Realism, s.l.: Powerpoint Presentation.
Anon., n.d. Liberalism - As global political theory, s.l.: Powerpoint Presentation.
Anon., n.d. Military Power & Terrorism - Evolution of Warfare, s.l.: Powerpoint Presentation.
Joshua, G. S. & Jon, P. C., 2013. International Relations. 11 ed. s.l.:Pearson.
