Definition of Words
1. Deskilling is the process of reducing the skill requirement levels for a job.
2. Labor market is the place of interaction between employees and their employers.
3. Lockout is a situation whereby employees are excluded from work by their employers until they can meet specific job requirements.
4. Runaway shop refers to a situation whereby an employer relocates operations without consideration of the employees’ statutory representatives.
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5. Speedup is the increase in the growth rate of an organization of a business.
6. Unit labor cost refers to the amount that an organization spends on employees in the production of a unit commodity or output.
7. Price rate is the market price for a product or service.
8. Cost of job loss refers to the total loss incurred after lack of employment for a whole year (Bowles et al., 2017)
9. Globalization refers to the process through which organizations initiate international operations or influence.
Short answer: Define and Compare
1. Labor power refers to one’s ability to perform work through quantitative measures, while labor effort is the aggregate of mental and physical capacities in doing a specific job.
2. Primary labor markets are those consisting of high wages, longer-lasting jobs, and security, while secondary labor markets are those that consist of low-pay, part-time jobs, and high-turnover.
3. Formal discrimination is the biased treatment of people by an institution, while informal discrimination refers to the biased behaviors depicted within the informal levels within an organization.
4. Platform capitalism refers to the various activities that companies like Uber, Airbnb, Apple, Google, and Microfost use in operating their platforms. In platform capitalism, companies use both software and hardware as platforms for other companies to do their business (CBC Radio, 2018). On the contrary, lean production refers production model that applies five principles: value, flow, perfection, pull, and value stream.
5. Temporary foreign workers are foreign employees used in filling up shortages within a country’s workforce, while skilled immigrants are those who have attained legal residence in a country and hold specific skills.
Long Answer
1. Race, gender, and citizenship play a crucial role in influencing workers’ experience. In essence, people are employees who are treated differently in the Canadian Labor Market based on their citizenship, gender, or race. For instance, there is formal discrimination whereby some jobs can only be applied by Canadian citizens. Informal discrimination is whereby Canadian citizens are more likely to receive higher pay than foreign ones. However, with the capitalist economy, discrimination could end as employers would demand productivity rather than focusing on discrimination.
2. Control systems are important in businesses as they define the objectives of an organization, enabling the resources and employees to work towards them ( Aratani, 2020) . Simple control is whereby employers are directly involved in employee supervision. Technical control defines the use of technology in controlling workflow. Bureaucratic control is whereby employee behavior is guided by regulations. Bureaucratic control is more likely to be used in independent primary labor. Workers in independent primary labor experience alienation as they have limited bargaining power.
3. Technology can reduce unit labor costs by reducing the amount spent on a unit. Lean production technology can reduce ULC by reducing waste or resources; however, it could lead to the reduction of employees. Lean production is ineffective as it results in low employee motivation. I can introduce a continuous improvement element as it would result in better outcomes.
References
Aratani, L. (2020). Robots on the rise as Americans experience record job losses amid pandemic. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2020/nov/27/robots-replacing-jobs-automation-unemployment-us
Bowles, S. Roosevelt, F. & Edwards, R. (2017). Understanding capitalism: competition, command, and change. Oxford. https://b-ok.africa/book/11140904/fadd22?regionChanged=&redirect=197309872
CBC Radio, (2018). Platform capitalism, digital technology and the future of work. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/ideas/platform-capitalism-digital-technology-and-the-future-of-work-1.4297369
