Melanchthon is known as one of the greatest theologians from the 16th century. He is responsible for conducting several transformations for both secondary and tertiary education systems in Germany. In his doctrine of justification, Melanchthon provides a clear distinction between law and gospel. He states that the law is not the gospel and the gospel is not a law. He refers to the law as teaching given by God which aims to provide directions as to how people should be like, what they should do and what needs to be omitted. He further points out that the law requires further obedience to God, and people demonstrate their willingness to God by obeying the law. The ability to distinguish between the law and the gospel prevents Christians from falling to moralism.
Melanchthon argues that all the scripture needs to be distributed into two topics which should touch on the law and the promises. This is major because in some places it presents the law while other present promises concerning Christ, where in the Old Testament there are promises that the Christ will come to save the world and take away people’s sins. Christ himself since he has appeared promises eternal life. He, however, fails to designate the Ten Commandments as read in the scriptures. In the two adversaries, Melanchthon selects the law, stating that human reason naturally understands it. He says that the Decalog requires more things other than reason and one to believe that God truly loves and hears people and that God needs people to obey him to avoid the punishment that would befall them in case they disobey him.
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