This essay will explain major Zoonotic or Vector-borne diseases, which are infections or infectious diseases that are transmitted to humans by animals through several agents, which include; parasites, bacteria, viruses, fungi, zoonotic or vector-borne diseases (Jones et al., 2008). West Nile Virus, also known as WNV, is spread from birds to human through a mosquito bite and also spread through blood contact or through tissue and organ transplant. Mosquitoes are common vectors. Changes in weather conditions, such as wetter weather conditions can lead to diseases caused by mosquitoes. A lot of research has been done on WNV, including vector studies, and this data can be used to inform public health action in the prevention of these diseases (Elliot et al., 2008). The second vector-borne disease is hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), which are a group of diseases that are clinically similar, and are caused by Hantaviruses. The main mode of transmission is through breathing air from waste matter of infected animals (Olsson GE et al., 2003). This disease is majorly caused by environmental changes to the animal’s habitats. Rodents are the main vector mode in the spread of these diseases to humans. However, increased knowledge to public health officers has been made easier by an increase of registered Hantavirus occurrences in Europe (Mailles et al. 2005), and this has enabled mitigation. Finally, Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a disease caused by the Echinococcus multilocularis tapeworm hosted by its terminal hosts; it is spread to humans by the ingestion of contaminated food. The disease is transmitted by animals, for example, wild boars, beavers or wolves (Janovsky et al. 2002). AE can form tumors in different body organs including the lungs, liver and brain, if not treated in time. Altogether, all zoonotic and vector-borne diseases are threats to public health.
References
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Janovsky, M., Bacciarini, L., Sager, H., Gröne, A., & Gottstein, B. (January 01, 2002).
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Mailles, A., Sin, M. A., Ducoffre, G., Heyman, P., Koch, J., & Zeller, H. (January 01, 2005 ).
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