Over the last decades, medical technology is rapidly advancing at a high sped across the globe. The accessibility and affordability of these technologies have numerous benefits such as improved scientific research, enhancement of quality of lie and an improved life expectancy in various countries. Nevertheless these medical technologies are slowly taking over the employment. Automation will change the world to become better, but the question of creating opportunities for individuals is debatable. Robots, software, automation will replace employment in the healthcare, and this is obvious to a person who has worked in any automotive manufacturing companies. The rapid growth in medical technologies is destroying jobs faster compared to creating the in the US ad also other industrialized countries. The nurses, physicians and the general workforce in the healthcare setting are getting worried because of these technologies.
Emerging Technologies
Artificial intelligence is progressing quickly than ever before particularly when combined with robotics. Advanced robots have also been suggested, and some have even come into play in various healthcare. These medical technologies are replacing the human workers, and soon they are going to take over the hospitals ( Rotman, 2013) . Some hospitals are using robots in the operating rooms, especially for complex procedures. For instance, the da Vinci surgical system offers magnified visions in a certain area that is being operated and enables the surgeons to carry out small but precise operations on the patients’ body. Additionally, there are new algorithms which have been created to enable an AI to prescribe dosage grounded in the patent’s history and records ( Rotman, 2013) . Ultimately these medical technologies will replace the doctors and nurses and other jobs performed by humans.
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The lists of new and innovative technologies have been growing every day. Robots, 3D printing, algorithms, augmented reality, machine to machine communication and autonomous vehicles are some of the new technologies that assist individuals with different tasks. These technologies are comprehensive in their scope and significant in their capacity to transform the existing businesses as well as persona lives. They improve the personal and business dealings and hence ease people lives. “Tax Technical is a book of a political scientist known as Philip Howard which highlights “empire of bits” that has changed how individuals interact with each other. Technology is becoming sophisticated and it they have substantial effects on the workforce.
Robots
Robots are becoming popular around the industrialized countries. In the recent years, the industrial robots have increased substantially compared to a few years ago. For instance, in 2013 nearly 1.2 million robots were utilized. This number rose to 1.5 million in 2014, and it is expected that the number will grow to approximately 1.9 million in 2017 ( Rotman, 2013) . Japan has been recorded to have the largest number totaling to 306,700, 237,400 North America, 182,300 china, 175,600 South Korea and 175, 200 in Germany. Overall the robotics use is projected to increased form a $15 billion sector to$67 billion by 2025. Based on the reports from RBC Global Asset Management the prices of the automation and robots have fallen considerably. The robots used to be restricted in their use at fee high-wage companies such as the auto industry due to their high costs ( Rotman, 2013) .
However, recently, the average costs of the robotics have fallen, and in several key industries, the prices of the robots, as well as the unit prices of low-wage workforce, are converging ( Rotman, 2013) . The uses of robots have become an alternative to labor. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) arranged a competition for robots that could be able to function in hazardous environments. The robots were assigned eight responsibilities such as opening a door, driving a car, climbing stairs, turning a valve and operating a portable drill. The main was to identify equipment that could function in disaster scenes or damaged nuclear reactors that were too dangerous for people to operate ( Rotman, 2013) . A Korean team walked away with the $2 million prices for completing these responsibilities.
In the contemporary world, robotics are prevalent which perform complex tasks. Based on a presentation on robots the early 21st century was characterize by the first wave of social and companionable robots such as pleo, paro, and AIBO. The robots have become more sophisticated due to various factors such as smartphones, and social robots have become common. The main element of these robots is their ability to be social, comprehend and respond to individual; speech and the underlying emotion or context ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) .
A robot offering company to an elderly woman
In the healthcare setting, Experimentalists are utilizing a robot referred as Nao to assist people to handle stress. In a pilot project known as “stress game,” Adrian Tapus and Thi-Hai-Ha where people are subjected to a board game and they are expected to collect many man hand objects as much as they can. While the test is ongoing, stress is altered because of o the difficulty of the game and the noises when mistakes are made ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) . These individual are wired and linked to a heart monitor to enable Nao to assist the people on how to handle stress. When the robot feels that the stress levels are increasing it offers coaching modeled to decrease the tension. Based on the situation Nao can react either in encouraging empathetic or challenging ways. Hence the robot that has personality is capable of providing positive and dynamic feedback to the people and assists them to handle tense activities ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) .
Even though the robotics in the healthcare setting are aimed to have a great impact on the nursing, most people are losing their jobs. Nanomedicine which is the use of nanotechnology to treat and prevent diseases in human bodies is an evolving subject ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) . The Nanodevices will be used to repair the damage that accumulates due to metabolism by carrying out Nanorobotic therapeutic processes of more than 75 trillion cells that are found in the human body. Nanodevices and microrobots will be injected in the bloodstreams to detect and repair systems during the initial phases of the illness, and they will also eliminate or reduce the risks of cancer ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) .
On the onset of 2020, molecular manufacturing will allow the first nanorobot to be inexpensively for the utilization in the healthcare. Although it will have positive effects on the lives of millions of people, the healthcare personnel especially the nurses risk losing their jobs to these machines. Electroencephalography (EEG) technology which is already on the market utilizes mathematical algorithms to repair brain controlled ambulation to people who are paralyzed, read minds, move wheelchairs through brainwaves, and control games without using the joystick. With such kind of technology, employees are slowly losing their jobs because these machines are much intelligent compared to the workforce ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) .
Nurse robots
As of today, the robot nurses have not acquired the utmost level of sophistication. However, the current robots nurses are modeled as assistants. Japan is the current leader in the production of robot nurses. The nurse robots address various needs in the medical field. One such robot is referred as RIBA which is an acronym for “Robot for Interactive Body Assistance.” the robot can lift individuals having up to 135lbs from a sitting or lying positions and move them from one place to another.
RIBA has advanced tactile sensors which enable it from slipping and t also has strong arms ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) . RIBA is also equipped with two microphones and two cameras that allow it to follow hints by the operator. RIBA look like a teddy bear, and it is intended to calm the patients. Even though RIBA is not entirely autonomous, these emerging technologies are slowly taking over the responsibilities of the nurses. If these robots become fully sophisticated, many nurses will start losing their jobs because the robot will take over their jobs.
RIBA robot nurse
Pearl
Various researchers from the University of Pittsburg, University of Michigan and Carnegie Mellon University created a nurse robot called pearl. Similar to RIBA, Pearl is an assistant robot whose responsibilities are to remind individuals of their routine activities and also guide the elderly. It has numerous sensors that enable it with recognition and navigation, and it also has software that contains different tasks that it can do ( Smith & Anderson, 2014) . Pearl is a great technological device assisting the physically and cognitively disabled individuals to perform their day to day responsibilities. Pearl has automated features which are meant to schedule reminders that comprise of the following meta-decision making;
Plan Manager; it updates and stores the schedules of the people
Client modeler; it tracks execution through the recording of the observable activities
Personal cognitive orthotic; it can reason about the differences and decide when is the appropriate time to issue reminders
Pearl Robot
The PCO stores data of individuals’ habits and makes decisions grounded on the possibility of the reminders being effective and when they will be implemented. With such kind of medical technologies in the healthcare, the responsibilities of the workers in the healthcare are slowly diminishing. Their tasks are slowly being taken over by nurse robots that have shown great results and hence medical technologies are major contributors to the loss of work by the workforce.
3-Dimensional (3D) Printing
3D is also known as additive manufacturing is a technique of constructing objects layer through microscopic layers. A cross section of molecules is fused until an entire object if formed. Normally, it necessitates scanning of an already existing object using a 3D scanner which collected the necessary data to print on the 3D bioprinter ( Murphy & Atala, 2014) . The bioprinter typically prints the object through the addition of layers using materials like glass, plastics, metal or ceramics.
Hence the 3-dimensional objects can be built from a digital mode. The use of 3D printing in healthcare is becoming popular ( Murphy & Atala, 2014) . For instance in February 2013 in Netherlands, doctors and engineered partnered to printing a prosthetic lower jaw which was implant into an elderly woman who was suffering from a chronic bone infection. The printer created the prosthetic jaw using thirty-three layers of titanium powder ( Campbell et.al, 2011) . The powder was heated, fused together and later coated using bioceramic artificial bone. The same technology can be applied to design artificial limbs, hearing aids as well as dental fixtures.
In the same month scientists from Cornell University utilized the 3D printing to build an ear which was similar to the natural one. Moreover, human organs can also be bio printed using the 3D printing ( Campbell et.al, 2011) . Human tissues and organs can be created suing this technology and hence the human personnel is not required to do anything. Up to date, the machine can be able to print organs and tissues such as skin, blood vessels, muscle patches and many others.
Computerized physician/ provider order entry
Computerized physician/provider order entry (CPOE) has become popular because it is designed to provide patient safety initiatives. CPOE is medical software which is modeled providers to write prescriptions for the patient electronically compared to the paper (Metzger et.al, 2010) . Using CPOE the providers can be able to produce typed orders that are typed accurately reducing medical errors. Additionally, the software application also offers the providers with essential clinical decision support (CDS) through information tools that support the decisions of the healthcare provider in issues related to diagnosis, care, therapy planning of each patient. CDS is described as the procedure for promoting health-associated decisions and activities with pertinent, structured clinical knowledge and the information of the patients to enhance health and healthcare delivery as well (Metzger et.al, 2010) .
Similar to CPOE, CDS is becoming a commonplace in the health care setting providing the providers with the promises of cutting edge research, decision making, and best practices in improving patient care. Consequently, labor will be reduced because these technologies produce the best pieces of advice and they offer solutions to the providers (Metzger et.al, 2010) . Hence physicians would not require nurses to give them advice about certain practices and how to improve patients care both CDS and CPOE provides the necessary information. Additionally, adoption of the medical technologies is becoming less expensive, and many health cares will soon be able to afford these technologies (Metzger et.al, 2010) .
Most of the activities one by physicians such as checkups, prescription, diagnosing, testing and behavior modification can be performed better by analytics, sensors, active and passive data gathering. The computers, robotics, and robots have taken over of these responsibilities. They even perform better at these functions compare to an average doctor when considering various actions such as making errors. The medical technologies have been recognized to function better at balancing and integrating the considerations of the patients' history, demeanor, symptoms, environmental factors and other components that the average physician can be able to.
The medical technologies are rapidly growing, and the nurse robots have also come into play. These technologies are compensating for the deficiencies of the human beings, and they are amplifying and improving the patient care. Most healthcare' are facing increasing labor costs and hence they are considering in investing in robotics. On the other hand, the robotics can work better, and they don’t demand to pay rise. Hence the HealthCare’s are opting to utilize them to replace the employment, but consequently, the employees are losing their jobs making them unable to make ends meet.
References
Campbell, T., Williams, C., Ivanova, O., & Garrett, B. (2011). Could 3D printing change the world? Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing, Atlantic Council, Washington, DC .
Metzger, J., Welebob, E., Bates, D. W., Lipsitz, S., & Classen, D. C. (2010). Mixed results in the safety performance of computerized physician order entry. Health Affairs , 29 (4), 655-663.
Murphy, S. V., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bio printing of tissues and organs. Nature biotechnology , 32 (8), 773-785.
Rotman, D. (2013). How technology is destroying jobs. Technology Review , 16 (4), 28-35.
Smith, A., & Anderson, J. (2014). AI, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs. Pew Research Center .
