Lavoy, P. R. (2003). The enduring effects of atoms for peace. Arms Control Today , 33 (10), 26.
In this article, Lavoy discusses the issue of the nuclear weapon in four sections. The first part addresses the legacy of Truman, which is talks of technology secrecy and denial, how the U.S. government restricted the revelation of the nuclear weapon to the rest of the world concerning in the 1940s with the fear of its diffusion and the implications it might bring. Eventually, the U.S. disclosed information concerning nuclear weapon under an initiative called “Atoms for Peace” to limit the destructive uses of the nuclear atom.
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In the second section, the author addresses nuclear commerce and proliferation, which explains how the U.S. efforts to deliver peace and prosperity to the world through “peaceful nuclear technology” was never abated until proven dangerous by the nuclear explosion in 1974 in India. The third part explains the United States nuclear assistance, how the U.S. aided other countries in developing nuclear weapons through Atoms for Peace Initiative. In the final section, Lavoy talks of an imperfect regime, where he points out that critics hold that the launch of Atoms for Peace by the U.S. significantly contributed in the reduction of rockier nuclear in both the Pakistan and India. Even though some nations were prosperous in producing atomic weapons (peaceful nuclear technology), the Nonproliferation Treaty of 1968 seemed to be an imperfect regime but managed to limit nuclear weapon possession to a single state digit. This article is a reliable source of the nuclear weapon which is a military tool. Since military science entails the study of military skills which includes tools, I believe this article will be useful in writing my paper concerning military science.
Peng, G., & Yao, Y. (Eds.). (2005). The science of military strategy. Military Science Publishing House.
This article presents information used in educating the decision makers of senior China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) including the ones on the Central Military Commission (CMC) as well as the officers who may become the future strategic planners of China. The article also contains information regarding tactically and operationally focused campaign science. The authors address this information in three parts. Section one surveys the historical development and experience of military theory in China, where the authors describe the present age as an “era of sea.” States of maritime, similar to their predecessors, will apply “Mahanian” and other strategies to intensely create a sea power that is comprehensive and expand the strategic sea depth.
Part two provides the law perspectives and war conduct in China, in which chapter nine addresses strategic deterrence that gives a rationale for various PLA’s elements of modernization programs which some foreign analysts have overlooked. The third section, on the other hand, examines the war in future and the implications they might have for China, including recent combat guidelines and experience of PLA. Throughout this volume, the ongoing emphasis on the relevance of the War of People is used as the strategy for Chinese military foundation. Western scholars are particularly interested in the third section to seek insights into the PLA thinking concerning the strategic situation of China. This article is reliable as it is a book published by a credible publishing house and the information offered is valuable in learning military strategies which most militaries in the world (especially Western army) is concerned with. I believed the data from the article would be helping in writing my topic of military science, specifically in discussing the concepts, strategy, and doctrines of the military.
Bermudez JR., J. S., (2015). North Korea’s Development of a Nuclear Weapons Strategy. US-Korea Institute at SAIS. Retrieved June 10, 2018, from https://www.38north.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/NKNF_Nuclear-Weapons-Strategy_Bermudez.pdf
The article pursues the development of nuclear weapon and strategies of this development in North Korea for the past six decades. The first part demonstrates the changes in dynamics of the production of the weapons from a defensive perspective. It demonstrates that in the initial stages of the production, the Korean People’s Army (KPA) and the North Korean leadership focused on producing the weapons to be safe from attacks. For this two decades at the initial stages, the production of weapons was relatively small due to the timid strategic goals of the program. The government also invested low capital in scientific research to improve the country’s nuclear weapons.
Part two of the paper focuses on the changes in dynamics and realization that nuclear weapons can be used as strategic defensive weapons and a primary political weapon. The country invested in the enhancing the scientific research and the complexity of the weapons to ensure that even in the dictatorship regime the U.S. and other countries would never attack North Korea. The changes and failure to engage in a democracy have resulted in threats from other countries trying to maintain the status quo, but the ballistic missiles have protected any action towards North Korea. The growth in tactic to increase nuclear production has been utilized by most countries as a political negotiation strategy and protection. The complexity of missile production and substantial investments since the 1990s in other countries and during the Cold War between Russia and the U.S. helped stop the use of the nuclear and keeping everyone in check. The article is essential for this study as it addresses the changes in strategies and roles of developing missiles. It also demonstrates the military and political scope of nuclear production that essential in this research.
Romaniuk, S, N., (2015). US Military Doctrine: Strategy, Tactics, and the Operational Art. Technical Report.
The article is quite informative on the military doctrine, strategies and military proficiency. The joint framework analysis following the 9/11 terror attack. The investments and changes in tactics that focused on empowering the U.S. army and joint frameworks. The paper uses the changes in tactics and doctrines to demonstrate their success and failures in real life situations by using the Vietnam War setting. It was evident that U.S. engagement in a war was wearing out the U.S. Army thus having no guarantees for victory. The landscape and terrains in foreign countries were also becoming complicated and limited efficiency of the tactics, for instance, the Iraqi War led to the death of many soldiers and the high rates of rules violation among the different groups. The rates of PTSD also increased among the soldiers with withdraws of soldiers in Indochina depicting major defeat of the strategies employed by the U.S. military strategies.
The War on Terror has also been viewed as a strategic error due to the passive technique that was used by the Obama administration with the use of Overseas Contingency Operations the term to prove the passive nature. The success in global War on Terror has been minimal with Al Qaeda, and the ISIS is terrorizing the world even after the significant investments in the military prowess has been termed as a loss of sharpness in military strategies. The paper has also focused on strategy, tactic and operational art in its discussion of war thus making it essential to understanding the scope of the war, and importance of the three components. The article will provide detailed info on the history of war and tactics thus a critical study in providing most of the literature review.
Fravel, T, & Medeiros, E., (2010). China’s Search for Assured Retaliation: The Evolution of Chinese Nuclear Strategy and Force Structure. International Security, Vol. 35, No. 2 pp. 48–87.
The paper analyzes the progress of China’s approach to nuclear doctrinal developments and modernization. It is evident that China used a passive perception of the nuclear production hence the small and vulnerable nuclear force structure. The study tries to understand why the capacity was too small for so long before trying to depict the issues that underlined the progress of Chinese investment in nuclear weapons in the current era. The article is argumentative in demonstrating the changes in the government strategies and military move to determine war-fighting concepts.
The provision of answers to the four significant questions helps determine the reasons for the changes and an understanding of the social and political bases of nuclear production. The paper will be vital in understanding the differences of political strategies in the China to that of North Korea and the U.S. among other countries that have active military or war-like strategies in nuclear production. Lastly through learning the contemporary decisions. It is complicated to understand the reasons China engaged in security measures during the Cold War but never took part in enhancing its nuclear power like Russia and America. The article also demonstrates that multiple organization and political complexity due to communism and democracy issues in the country causes constraints to the prowess of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) strategizing and operational doctrine. The different organizational structures of the PLA is also instrumental to determine the roles of military organization in strategizing success and failures.
References
Bermudez JR., J. S., (2015). North Korea’s Development of a Nuclear Weapons Strategy . US-Korea Institute at SAIS. Retrieved June 10, 2018, from https://www.38north.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/NKNF_Nuclear-Weapons-Strategy_Bermudez.pdf
Fravel, T, & Medeiros, E., (2010). China’s Search for Assured Retaliation: The Evolution of Chinese Nuclear Strategy and Force Structure. International Security , Vol. 35, No. 2 pp. 48–87.
Lavoy, P. R. (2003). The enduring effects of atoms for peace. Arms Control Today , 33 (10), 26.
Peng, G., & Yao, Y. (Eds.). (2005). The science of military strategy . Military Science Publishing House.
Romaniuk, S, N., (2015). US Military Doctrine: Strategy, Tactics, and the Operational Art. Technical Report .
