Construct: Racism
Conceptualization: 1. Health risk Condition, 2. Job opportunities
Operationalization:
Health Risk Condition:
accessibility to safe and quality health care (measure- infant death per 1000 live births)
Per Capita Health care expenditure
Percentage of adult without insurance cover or entitlement.
Job Opportunities- accessibility to employment opportunities-(Measure- level of income according to Gin co-efficient, Atkinson Index and coefficient variation.)
Construct: Crime Seriousness
Conceptualization : 1. Physical Harm 2. Economic loss
Operationalization:
Physical harm:
Measure-total number of serious crimes per 100,000 population
the total number of violent crimes such as rape and robbery in 2017
Economic Loss:
the use of FBI crime index ( Measure- the total number of property crimes such as auto theft and burglary).
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Disparity in payment and compensation
Construct: Socioeconomic Status
Conceptualization: 1. Education 2. Occupational prestige
Operationalization:
Occupational prestige ratings:
rating each occupation using use NORC 5-point scale and Duncan SEI Scale
Hollingshead’s index- use of perception of a particular unique occupation
Education:
Educational achievement-race disparity between African Americans and the Whites
Educational opportunity- per capita expenditure in US dollars in 2017
