This article addresses the issue of ownership and formulation of critical examination for and by groups facing various restrictions. Aspects considered in the study include land trusts, cooperatives that are owned by workers, municipal establishments, as well as the enormously increasing hands-on budgeting practice ( Torre, Stoudt, Manoff & Fine, 2017). The “Participatory Action Research” (PAR) contests the supremacy of particular interests as the overriding lens of knowledge and contends on societal analysis hypothesized, experienced, and jointly possessed for and by the people enduring the ferocity.
The two main cases that have been reflected upon are Miska in Palestine/Israel and the South Bronx case, where cases of ferocious policing have been reported. Projects in PAR regularly arise from critics associated with degrading structural arrangements. These critiques have led to the urge for research questioning these structural arrangements, hopefully, to produce findings that will aid in creating cracks and openings in the present circumstances and incite transformational change (Torre et al., 2017).
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To examine the potential that PAR has to state violence, special attention is required concerning what citizens and state leaders encounter day by day. State violence contributes to struggle and survival for the fittest for citizens, slow growth and development, and increased insecurity (Torre et al., 2017).
Additionally, PAR has provided a conducive platform for researching areas where divergent knowledge crash, hardly debated upon or contested. Through these collisions, new ideas and understandings are produced to help curb state violence.
As the state accumulates extensive wealth and power, PAR realizes the tremendous increase in epistemological violence. As a result, most of the marginalized communities face oppression, increased cases of racial discrimination, and ethnicity (Torre et al., 2017). To curb this violence, it is the responsibility of citizens to come together across all power fault lines to get well informed and struggle to achieve adequate knowledge that will spur movements towards justice and help in campaigns that are progressive to help achieve a social policy.
Therefore, I believe that practitioners in PAR have often neglected their responsibility in curbing state violence. Citizens have been left with worries of how they can be able to link struggles across the different places affected by state violence (Torre et al., 2017). Furthermore, research institutions like universities and other organizations’ may end up losing funds from world donors to promote education and social research on curbing state violence.
Reference
Torre, M. E., Stoudt, B., Manoff, E., & Fine, M. (2017). Critical participatory action research on State violence: Bearing wit(h)ness across fault lines of power, privilege and dispossession. In Denzin, N., Lincoln, Y. (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 492–515). Thousand Oakes, CA: Sage.
