A pathogen can be described as an organism which lives and procreates at the expense of the host organism. The bacterium is an example of a pathogen. It has different shapes such as rod-like, spiral or spherical. The bacteria also contain numerous attachments which enable them stick to or swim in the planes that are desirable (Alberts & Lewis et al., 2002). Although most bacteria are not pathogens, there are pathogenic bacteria that can be harmful to the hosts.
Alberts and Lewis et al. (2002) further explain that Pathogens such as fungi, viruses, worms and bacteria. Others include prions which are infectious proteins that often cause infectious disorders. All pathogens, including bacteria, require a way in which they enter a host’s body and start destroying their immune system. In some cases, they contain specific virulence genes that attempt to mediate their interactions with the host. As a result, the host cells experience specific responses which will encourage the spread as well as replication of the pathogenic bacteria.
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According to O'Connor, Taylor, & Hughes (2006), a discovery has been made in the field of various pathogens as well as chronic diseases which involves a variety of ways from when the host is exposed to the disorder to when the host experiences disability. Intricate systems for the modification of behavioral characteristics of human microbial as well as the environmental factors have been used to identify the rate of exposure the host risks as well as the chronic outcomes. Pathogenic bacteria are often believed to contribute to the development of numerous chronic diseases such as Crohn’s disease (CD) and rheumatic diseases (RA). Rheumatic arthritis is an inflammation of the joints of the host. The patients with Rheumatic arthritis have been found to have a reduced number of Bacteroides fragilis as well as Bifidobacteria as compared to average people who do not have Rheumatic arthritis. It was further identified that inflammation of the joints is developed in conditions which are germ-infested in both human being and animals. Obesity is considered as a factor which causes Rheumatic arthritis. Furthermore, models of the obese murine consist of an increased intake of lipoglycans into the lumen of the gut as well as the other tissues thus leading to an increased risk of Rheumatic arthritis (RA) (Zhang et al., 2015).
On the other hand, Crohn’s disease (CD) is an infection whereby immune system resulting in inflammation attacks of the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn’s disease (CD) is considered to be an autoimmune disease. Patients who have Crohn’s disease in either its active or inactive form are found to have enterobacteria in significant numbers compared to healthy individuals. Moreover, a third of this dominant bacterium do not often fit with the phylogenic groups that are typically dominant. It is also identified that there are five species of bacteria which categorized as the dysbiosis in patients with the disorder.
These characteristics included a reduction in Dialister invisus which is a bacterial species of Clostridium cluster XIVa that is uncharacterized. Other characteristics include Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as well as a rise in Ruminococcus gnavus. Furthermore, the increased reduction of bacteria such as Bacteroidales, Clostridiales, and Erysipelotrichales, combined with an increase in Pasteurellacaea, Enterobacteriaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Veillonellaceae, is strongly linked with the status of the disease. Thus, it can be identified that the bacteria in the gut may lead to the development of Crohn’s disease especially in the control of inflammation (Zhang et al., 2015).
In nutshell, pathogenic bacteria can thus be responsible for many disorders such as obesity, diabetes, Crohn’s disease (CD) and rheumatic diseases (RA). The imbalance of certain bacteria such as the gut bacteria may lead to the emergence of some diseases which may be chronic.
References
Alberts, B., & Lewis et al., A. J. (2002). Molecular biology of the cell (4th ed.). New York, Calif.: Garland Science Publishers.
O'Connor, S. M., Taylor, C. E., & Hughes, J. M. (2006). Emerging Infectious Determinants of Chronic Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291059/
Zhang, Y., Li, S., Gan, R., Zhou, T., Xu, D., & Li, H. (2015). Impacts of Gut Bacteria on Human Health and Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4425030/
