Immigration in most developed nations is a major political issue with globalization that has contributed to the movement of people globally ( Schain, 2012) . The immigration policy has become the center of most public demonstrations and sustained political debates especially in Europe and the United States. The politics of immigration policy should be well understood. The immigration policies by nature are multidimensional, and attract varying supporters and opponents of different types of immigration policy. The immigration has become a political issue because the government has assumed the responsibility of setting the numbers and rules for legal immigration. New revelations of an electoral change, act of violence, debates of new policy initiatives, and the emergence of political initiatives happens on daily basis across the world ( Milner & Tingley, 2011) .
New movements have emerged in various countries and political parties that are against immigrants have gained electoral support altering balance in political forces ( Baldwin-Edwards & Schain, 2013) . The new balance influences policy chances as government attempts to solve problems that threaten agreement and understanding. The immigration challenge has emerged to influence the government's perceptions and how diverse issues are dealt with such as security, change, and growth of the economy, political construction, and social policy. The special issues of politics in various countries are focused on analyzing the emergent of immigration as a political issue, construct of immigration politics, and the political challenge of the construction consequences.
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The issues of immigration involve the migrants flowing into a country legally, as asylum seekers, and residents lacking documents as well as a wide range of people and foreigners of other origins residing in a country for many years for several generations. The flow of migrants across borders and the presence of immigrants has been perceived by the most public to have increased vastly. The issue of illegal migration has continued to be a divisive and disputable issue throughout the whole world, especially in the United States.
Immigration challenges policymakers in weighing between competing for security, economic, and humanitarian concerns. Most countries especially the US has been challenged by reaching agreements on comprehensive immigration reforms. The US has moved some important political decisions into the judicial and executive government branches effectively and fuelling debates in the hall of municipal and state governments. The government of America pledged to take drastic measures to curb illegal immigration and prevent terrorism. A wide range of policies aims to reduce unlawful immigration by enforcing border security. The legislation considered in recent years by the American government include a wide range of immigration reforms that address issues such as demand for low-skilled and high-skilled labor, the legal status of undocumented immigrants, interior enforcement, and border security (Felter & Renwick, 2018).
Political Factors of Immigration
The immigration in the US has faced furious debates for years. The immigrants in most countries are termed as aliens and criminals by the media and most politicians. The immigrants have been idealized by most advocates and gloss over challenges related to immigration. More than 192 million individuals live in foreign places. A large portion of this population is composed of migrant workers and comprise 3% of the global population. Migration has been common since time immemorial in search of enhanced economic opportunities. Migration is contributed by political factors such as persecution, the absence of political rights, and war (Mathews, 2018).
State Persecution
State persecution is the largest contributor of immigration in the world. The persecution of people involves discrimination, torture, and harassment of individuals disagreeing with their government. People are also prosecuted because of having minority religious beliefs and ethnic background. The immigrants leave their unsafe countries with the focus of finding safer countries. The direct result of the political migrant outflow is asylum seeking from an oppressive state to more democratic nations (Mathews, 2018) .
Lack of Political Liberties
Migrants are influenced to seek greater freedoms because of endemic corruption and their rights in their homeland are infringed and they lack political liberties. Despite these people not persecuted in their places of birth, they leave because of concerns that limit their freedom. The economic situations are likely to be poor when the political environment is hostile. The political hostility triggers migration and influence people to abandon their homeland for other countries with democracy where they pursue better freedom, education, and career.
War
War has contributed to more than 42 million people globally being forced to leave their countries. Armed conflicts and war have a wide range of causes but mostly contributed by political factors. War makes people migrate to democratic countries such as the United Kingdom, the US, Australia, and Canada, as well as within their geographical boundaries. The largest proportion of war migrants become asylums seekers or refugees.
Cultural-Political
Individuals of particular cultural affiliations migrate within a country or to other nations because of political instabilities caused by cultural diversities. Ethic groups initially living apart are sometimes forced within the same geographical boundaries as a result of ethnic strife or war. Cultural groups are also forced by governments to migrate to gain an advantage in having minimum cultural diversity (Mathews, 2018) .
Reference
Baldwin-Edwards, M., & Schain, M. A. (2013). The politics of immigration in Western Europe . Routledge.
Felter, C., & Renwick, D. (2018). The U.S. Immigration Debate. Retrieved from https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-immigration-debate-0
Mathews, J. (2018). Political Factors in Migration. Retrieved from https://sciencing.com/political-factors-migration-8212756.html
Milner, H. V., & Tingley, D. H. (2011). The economic and political influences on different dimensions of United States immigration policy.
Schain, M. A. (2012). The comparative politics of immigration. Comparative Politics , 44 (4), 481-497.
