Anaximander was one of the most renowned pre-Socratic philosophers. He is said to practice a philosophy known as the material monism. He believed that the physical world could only be understood through the perception that all materials encompassed a single material. He was also largely concerned about finding the origin of all things. Anaximander disagreed with his teacher, Thales, that water was the sole origin of all the materials found in the world. Instead, he proposed an element known as the , which is a limitless object which did not have a clear meaning. Some scholars have interpreted the Apeiron as an undefined and inexhaustible aspect that possess a temporal and spatial quality. In discussing the nature of the earth, Anaximander says that it is cylindrical in shape and has a flat surface. He went ahead to debunk the assertions made by Thales that the earth rested on water.
Appearance, on the one hand, refers to what the people see. On the other hand, reality is the actual state of affairs. The appearance, in most cases, only requires the intervention of the human sight. However, to gain knowledge about the reality, it is crucial to include the intervention of the human mind. In most cases, humans tend to make judgments based on appearance, which leads to fallacious thinking characterized by fallacies. Gaining reality requires patience and prevents individuals from fallacious reasoning, biasness, and prejudice. For metaphysicians, the difference between appearance and reality was significantly vital for their work. Metaphysicians dealt with abstract ideas such as thought and knowledge. In a bid to provide an accurate description of the phenomenon based on the truth, they had to distinguish what they saw from the actual state of things. Therefore, this called on knowledge about appearance and reality. Although they appreciated appearance, they had to engage in deeper thoughts to come up with reality backed with evidence.
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