The presence of blood in urine is known as hematuria. It usually occurs in two forms as either microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria. Microscopic hematuria occurs as a result of tiny traces of blood in the urine. These traces of blood can only be viewed by a doctor under a microscope. On the other hand, gross hematuria occurs when visible amount of blood in the urine can be seen by the naked eye. The presence of blood in urine may be as a result of various reasons. This includes use of certain medications, vigorous exercise, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) among others. The above reasons may not be serious since blood may clear in the urine after couple of days (Matulewicz & Meeks 2016).
However, there are certain reasons that may raise concerns on the presence of blood in urine. For instance, infection and inflammation of kidney may result to blood in urine. Furthermore, infection of the ureter and bladder may cause blood in urine. This is because an infection of the ureter and bladder may cause leakage of Red Blood Cells into the urine. Moreover, infection of the prostrate may lead to hematuria as a result of prostate bleeding. It is important to be concerned of this presence of blood in urine as it may help in early detection of kidney, bladder, ureter, and prostate infection (Matulewicz & Meeks 2016)
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Urinalysis
Urinalysis involves semi-quantitative and manual qualitative tests done on urine samples. The test usually involves testing of urine color, specific gravity, presence of protein, blood, ketones, bilirubin among others (Lockwood, 2015 . Ideally, carrying out routine analysis serves several purposes. The purposes of urinalysis include monitoring of patients with diabetes, early diagnosis of kidney and urinary tract disorders, and screening for detection of metabolic and renal disorders.
Moreover, urinalysis is important in helping medical personnel to effectively monitor certain medical conditions. For example, frequent urinalysis is usually carried out in patients with kidney disease and urinary tract infection to monitor the progress of these conditions. As a result, this significantly helps the doctors in adjusting their treatment effectively. Furthermore, urinalysis is important in assessing symptoms such as painful urination, abdominal pain, and blood in urine among others. Therefore, this considerably helps in finding the causes of these symptoms thus early commencement of treatment (Strasinger & Di Lorenzo, 2014).
Undoubtedly, the color of urine is usually pale yellow or amber. However it darkens as a result of concentration. The appearance of urine is usually clear or slightly clouded .However cloudy urine may be an indication of infection, presence of kidney stones and dehydration. Moreover, testing of certain chemicals such as calcium, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium are important in urinalysis. The presence of these chemicals shows the state of kidney diseases and diabetes among other conditions (Lockwood, 2015).
There are several consequences as a result of not performing frequent urinalysis. First, advance progression of kidney diseases and diabetes are likely to be rampant. This is because doctors lack results of urinalysis showing the state of urine chemicals thus affecting the treatment of these conditions. Second, difficulty in checking the general health of an individual is hindered by not carrying out urinalysis. This is because urinalysis screens of early detection of conditions such as diabetes, liver disease, and kidney disease (Strasinger & Di Lorenzo, 2014).
Urinary Incontinence
Undeniably ,the 35 year old woman has frequent urination. Therefore, this woman may be suffering from a condition known as urinary incontinence. This condition usually affects women age 35-79 years old. However, the prevalence of this condition is high in younger women. Urinary incontinence is a condition in which there is loss of bladder function thus causing frequent urination. It may be caused by child birth, pregnancy, and menopause in women. Moreover, it may be as a result of weak bladder muscles, and overactive bladder muscles. There are several consequences as a result of this condition. First, this condition causes rashes and skin infection as a result of wet skin. Second, it causes frequent occurrence of urinary tract infection. Third, urinary incontinence negatively impacts the social, personal and work relationship of women (Wood & Anger, 2014).
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes is a condition in which there is failure by the pancreas to produce enough insulin responsible for the regulation of blood sugar. As a result, this leads to high circulation of blood glucose ( Kerner & Brückel, 2014). T here are two types of diabetes namely type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Ideally, in type 1 diabetes there is an autoimmune attack of the beta cells of the pancreas by the immune system. As a result, this leads to inability of the pancreas to produce insulin ( Kerner & Brückel, 2014).
On the other hand, type 2 diabetes occurs when the body is unable to respond insulin. As a result, this causes insulin resistance. Therefore, this hinders the uptake of glucose by the cells. These two types of diabetes vary in different ways ( Inzucchi et al., 2012).First; type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in childhood while type 2 is usually diagnosed in individuals aged 35 years and above. Second, type 1iabetes requires regular injection of insulin to patients while in type 2 diabetes patients may be given oral medication or insulin injection depending on the severity of the condition. Third, excess body weight is associated in development of type 2 diabetes but not in type 1 diabetes ( Inzucchi et al., 2012).
The management of both types diabetes aims in ensuring the blood glucose level is almost at normal range. Management of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle modification .This include the adoption of healthy diet and meal plans, regular physical exercise, and monitoring of blood sugar levels ( Inzucchi et al., 2012).However, in type 1 diabetes there should be insulin replacement. This is done by continuous insulin injection by patients ( Kerner & Brückel, 2014).
Reference
Inzucchi, S. E., Bergenstal, R. M., Buse, J. B., Diamant, M., Ferrannini, E., Nauck, M., ... & Matthews, D. R. (2012). Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes: a patient-centered approach. Position statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia , 55 (6), 1577-1596.
Kerner, W., & Brückel, J. (2014). Definition, classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes , 122 (07), 384-386.
Lockwood, W. (2015). The Complete Urinalysis and Urine Tests. RN. ORG .
Matulewicz, R. S., & Meeks, J. J. (2016). Blood in the urine (hematuria). Jama , 316 (14), 1508-1508.
Strasinger, S. K., & Di Lorenzo, M. S. (2014). Urinalysis and body fluids . FA Davis.
Wood, L. N., & Anger, J. T. (2014). Urinary incontinence in women. Bmj , 349 (15), 4531-4542.
