Running head: DISCUSSION RESPONSES 1
Discussion Responses
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
Discussion Responses
Response: Renal Calculi
According to Han, Segal, Seifter & Dwyer, (2015), renal calculi can also be termed as a condition that emerges when the equilibrium between precipitation of salts and solubility in the kidneys and urinary tract is disrupted leading to the super saturation of insoluble compounds such phosphate, Oxalate, and calcium in the urine. It results from genetic predisposition or dehydration, leading to over-excretion of these ions in the urine. Regarding the risk factors of age and gender, Han et al. (2015) reveal that renal calculi are more prevalent among white males between the age of 20 and 30 years old. The authors argue that non-obstructing kidney stones are less likely to produce signs or symptoms apart from hematuria. They add that the pain pattern of the condition relies on its position. For instance, crystals on the upper ureter results in flank pain, which radiates to the lower stomach. Also, stones in the lower ureter result in pain that usually radiates to the labium in women or ipsilateral testicle in men. According to Barnela, Soni, Saboo & Bhansali (2012), renal calculi is becoming more prevalent among young populations, and its recurrence rates are also overwhelming. They recommend the use of medical treatment, such as disease-specific therapies, dietary management, and medical expulsion therapy of stones.
Response: Ulcerative Colitis
Ungaro et al. (2017) have also revealed that patients suffering from ulcerative colitis experience mucosal swelling, which may start in the rectum and continuously expand to proximal sections of the large intestine. Usually, the condition is associated with bloody diarrhea, and it is examined using histological and colonoscopy findings. Torpy, Lynm & Golub (2012) have also argued that ulcerative colitis incidence is rising at an overwhelming rate worldwide. This disease is found equally in both genders, and young adults are at high risk of developing it, although it can be diagnosed at any age. Individuals with symptoms such as rectal bleeding, diarrhea that is accompanied by blood, abdominal discomforts and cramping, weight loss, arthritis, and anemia are likely to be diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (Torpy et al., 2012). The condition can be managed through the use of endoscopic healing and resolution of symptoms. Ungaro et al. (2017) suggests that medical treatments for the disease may include steroids, immunosuppressant, and 5-aminosalicylic acid drugs.
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References
Barnela, S. R., Soni, S. S., Saboo, S. S., & Bhansali, A. S. (2012). Medical management of renal stone. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism, 16(2), 236.
Han, H., Segal, A. M., Seifter, J. L., & Dwyer, J. T. (2015). Nutritional management of kidney stones (nephrolithiasis). Clinical nutrition research, 4(3), 137-152.
Torpy, J. M., Lynm, C., & Golub, R. M. (2012). Ulcerative Colitis. JAMA, 307(1), 104. doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1889
Ungaro, R., Mehandru, S., Allen, P. B., Peyrin-Biroulet, L., & Colombel, J. (2017). Ulcerative colitis. The Lancet, 389(10080), 1756-1770. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)32126-2
