The advanced stage of chronic kidney disease is referred to as an end-stage renal disease. In most cases, when kidneys cannot meet all the functions of the body then ESRD occurs. Excreting all wastes and fluids from the blood releasing them as urine is the function of the kidneys. The kidney would not be able to perform its functions when it's operating at a level of 10%. At this stage, the body will be full of fluids, electrolytes and wastes that are not required in the body.
The ESRD could be developed in the body due to various causes. However, the two main causes are untreated hypertension or diabetes stage 1-2 ( Tuttle, 2018). There are also other causes of kidney disease including; interstitial nephritis, glomerulonephritis, vesicoureteral reflux, vesicoureteral reflux, and urinary tract obstruction that is prolonged. These illnesses are capable of damaging the kidney. Other risk factors may result in ESRD including old age and use of tobacco.
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There may not be any symptoms early on in kidney disease. However, when the disease progresses to ESRD, symptoms may appear. Among the symptoms that may appear include: vomiting, fatigue, nausea, insomnia, cramps, muscle twitches, weakness, decreased sharpness, persistent itching, shortness of breath, changes with urination, chest pains and swelling of feet and ankles. The kidney cannot be restored once damage hence it is essential to stay healthy and avoid practices that increase kidney failure. Through eating healthy, regular visits to the doctor, controlling blood sugar and pressure, weight-losing and stay an active life. The process of removing excess fluids and wastes from the blood in people with kidney failure is referred to as dialysis (Neirynck et al., 2017). Symptoms of dialysis include; refractory hypertension, loss of appetite, nausea, gastritis with haemorrhage, coma, malaise and uncontrollable hyperkalemia.
References
Neirynck, V., Donck, J., & Varendonck, I. (2017). MP757IMPROVING EFFICIENCY, SAFETY AND QUALITY OF CARE IN DIALYSIS WARDS BY DIGITALIZING THE ENTIRE CARE PROCESS. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation , 32 (suppl_3), iii712-iii712. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfx181.mp757
Tuttle, K. (2018). Diabetic Kidney Disease (c. 2018). Advances In Chronic Kidney Disease , 25 (2), 119-120. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ackd.2018.01.006
