Master’s prepared nurses have the ability to implement quality, safe health care in different roles and settings which include diverse population like those living in rural areas. For the vulnerable populations which include those living in the rural areas, immigrants, the low-income earners, minority ethnic groups, and the uninsured people, the obstacles to patient-centered care (PCC) are greater than that of the majority and living in urban areas. These groups are of different culture and most of the nurses are usually not prepared to provide health services which are culturally competent which is a major PCC component as a tested way of improving health care in Australia ( Delaney, 2018) . Nurses require understanding the cultural differences of their patients while being able to engage with them through a one on one communication in order to elicit their beliefs, concerns, and preferences.
Through the health promotion models such as the community based participatory (CBP) model, the master’s prepared nurses can test the outcome of PCC. The CBP model demonstrates the evolved health nursing practices and it encourages the participation of the community members in improving the health of the community people as well as ensuring that community health outcomes and capacity are improved ( Belone et.al, 2016) . The model builds on the knowledge of the local community and it allows the master’s prepared nurses to be sensitive to the ecological culture and context of the patient. The nurses use this model to determine the culture, economic status, attitude towards the establishment of medication among other things of the patient. Patient’s satisfaction, compliance, and health outcomes are ways which act as ways to access the outcomes of PCC practice and are identifiable through CBP.
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Rural health services are faced by challenges such as underinsured residents, economic stagnation, a declining population, high rates of chronic diseases, and disproportionate numbers of poor and elderly people and shortage of professionals in the healthcare sectors. Shortage of healthcare professionals stands out as a challenge as many professionals want to work in urban areas. Nurses can, therefore, use the patient-centered care approach to provide services that promote health services. Nurses can help patients in rural areas with insufficient health professionals to access care. Nurses can provide health promotion services to rural community through employing the principle of respecting the preferences of the patient ( Kano et al 2016) . As a nurse I would help in coordinating and integrating care to help provide care to the rural population.
As a nurse, I can employ the concept of providing physical comfort to patients in rural areas. Nurses in rural areas with shortages of health professionals can provide emotional support that is essential to patients’ recovery process. As a nurse, it is important to involve the friends and family of the patient in care provision. Nurses can use the principle of educating and informing patients, family, and friends as health promotion services. As a nurse, I can employ the principle of continuity and transition especially on patients to ensure that the patient is empowered and in the end recovery becomes an easy process improving care quality and life quality ( Ogden, Barr, & Greenfield, 2017) . Employing these principles by nurses will help improve the care of patients especially in rural community where there is a shortage of healthcare professionals.
Diabetes is a long-lasting disease which usually affects the way the body turns food into energy. Type 1, Type 2, and the gestational diabetes are types of diabetes and in the United States, over 100 million people live with diabetes with 30.3 million actually having it and 84.1 million being pre-diabetes. The people diagnosed with diabetes in the United States are around 23.1 million while 7.2 million have not been diagnosed yet. People who are 45 years old or older than that, are obese, have pre-diabetes, are of the African American, Hispanic American, or Indian American native is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can be prevented through changing of lifestyle such as healthy eating, engaging in regular physical activities, and working towards weight loss ( Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2017) .
The master’s prepared nurses through the knowledge they acquire in masters education can use the statistics provided to develop diabetes prevention programs which are aimed at changing people’s lifestyle such that those patients whose blood tests indicate they have pre-diabetes are advised to join the program to prevent or even delay diabetes. The master’s prepared nurses are equipped with the necessary knowledge to use statistics from studies conducted to inform them about the necessary measures to take in various situation ( Massimi et.al, 2017) .The statistics would be helpful since they serve as evidence which the nurses can use to create awareness in order for the people with pre-diabetes to join to prevent diabetes.
Nurses could initiate support of national health promotion programs through various ways if the national government fails to support the programs because of national fiscal deficits. Nurses could initiate support for such programs through advocacy work done by a nursing advocate to solicit resources from other stakeholders such as non-governmental organizations and the private sector. Nurses can also initiate support by urging professionals in healthcare to volunteer to see the success of the programs. Nurses can empower the individuals and community through informing and education to choose healthy behaviors and how to manage chronic diseases. Health promotion programs aimed at keeping the population healthy ( Eldredge et al., 2016) . Nurses’ role in looking for support for such programs would also engage the community in continuity and transition of health services.
Funding of national health program needs would help eliminate health disparities for patients who are at high risk for poor health outcome. People who are at risk of poor health outcome would include people living in regions with a shortage of health professionals, under or uninsured people, and the poor people in the community. Funding of national government to health programs can play a key role in promoting health to these populations who are likely to have poor health outcomes ( Bradley et.al, 2016) . Resources from federal or national government can help fund resources like medical infrastructure, health professionals or insure people who are not insured.
Telehealth application can be categorized into four main domains that include the Mobile health (mhealth), live video, remote patient monitoring and store and forward. Remote patient monitoring is the application of medical technologies that have the capacity to monitor and track the data of patients from a distance. Thus, RPM technology works through a number of function including the collection of patient information, the information is stored in the internal system and then formatted and transferred to the monitoring physician. Once the patient activates the monitoring devices, the technologies start to collect information and send to the monitoring healthcare provider (RHIhub, 2018).
The use of RPM help improves the quality of care especially for patients with untreatable conditions. Use of RPM technologies reduces patient readmission. Patients using RPM access better healthcare because of living monitoring. Patients receive improved care support, education, and feedback based on the data history that is received. RPM increases access to care out of the setting of health facilities. The effectiveness of the RPM is however hindered by some key challenges. Not all patient is able to access RPM technology because it requires broadband connectivity to work effectively especially in rural hospitals and small healthcare facilities. The persistence of patients and doctors skepticism on the use of RPM. Doctors say that RPM has had improvements in the management of chronic diseases ( Schulz, 2015) . For example, a program for diabetic patients that use an electronic glucose monitor that send real data to a database.
References
Belone, L., Lucero, J. E., Duran, B., Tafoya, G., Baker, E. A., Chan, D., & Wallerstein, N. (2016). Community-based participatory research conceptual model: Community partner consultation and face validity. Qualitative health research , 26 (1), 117-135.
Bradley, E. H., Canavan, M., Rogan, E., Talbert-Slagle, K., Ndumele, C., Taylor, L., & Curry, L. A. (2016). Variation in health outcomes: the role of spending on social services, public health, and health care, 2000–09. Health Affairs , 35 (5), 760-768.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). National diabetes statistics report, 2017. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Department of Health and Human Services .
Delaney, L. J. (2018). Patient-centred care as an approach to improving health care in Australia. Collegian , 25 (1), 119-123.
Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R. A., Fernández, M. E., Kok, G., & Parcel, G. S. (2016). Planning health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach . John Wiley & Sons.
Kano, M., Silva-Bañuelos, A. R., Sturm, R., & Willging, C. E. (2016). Stakeholders' recommendations to improve patient-centered “LGBTQ” primary care in rural and multicultural practices. The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine , 29 (1), 156-160.
Massimi, A., Marzuillo, C., Di Muzio, M., Vacchio, M. R., D'Andrea, E., Villari, P., & De Vito, C. (2017). Quality and relevance of master degree education for the professional development of nurses and midwives. Nurse education today , 53 , 54-60.
Ogden, K., Barr, J., & Greenfield, D. (2017). Determining requirements for patient-centred care: a participatory concept mapping study. BMC health services research , 17 (1), 780.
Rural Health Information Hub (RHIhub), (2018). Telehealth Application Domains. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/telehealth/1/application-domains
Schulz, M. (2015). This book provides glimpses into contemporary research in the domain of remote experiments, but the ideas also range over the domains of telehealth, collaborative learning environments, the role and use of mobile devices, brain-computer interfaces, haptic feedback (with one application in training dentists), virtual reality and materials processing. Great research arises from asking great research questions. Warren Berger discusses this topic.
