The Roman republic government was formed after the overthrow of King Tarquin’s Monarchical leadership. The end of the Monarchical leadership ushered a new era of checks and balances that comprised of three branches; the despotic, oligarchic and democratic. The despotic composed of consuls and magistrates. It held the executive powers. The oligarchic was made of the Senate, and they directed the policies of the despotic. Finally, the democratic branch was composed of the army. The checks and balances form of government ensured that the various branches of the government limited the possibility of one leader gaining supreme authority (Matyszak, 2003) . This paper is premised on three factors whether the Roman checks and balances led to social and political stability.
The Roman's Republic checks and balances enabled the patrician and plebeian to coexist together. There was a great risk of the two groups permanently separating had it not been for the stated form of governance. The split was evident because of the Patrician dominance in the Senate and the partial withdrawal of the Plebs from the city in 508. Nonetheless, the withdrawal did not last long. Both communities were united under the Roman state and wrote Roman’s formal constitution, known as the twelve tables at around 450. The twelve tables further brought order to the smaller unit of the household and reinforced the republic's stability (Matyszak, 2003) .
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Secondly, the Roman’s Republic checks and balance system enabled the development of a powerful army that concurred its enemies. The power of the Roman Republic is evident by its dominance and control over its neighboring Latin cities. Between 400 and 270, it had control of most of its neighbors except for the northern Italy and Mediterranean islands. The military prowess of the Romans was further demonstrated when they advanced to Northern Africa and destroy the Carthage. Consequently, the republic remained internally stable both politically and socially (Matyszak, 2003) .
Finally, the checks and balances threatened the social stability of the people especially the military as the Roman republic had expanded immensely. In the first and second BCE, the military that went on campaigns came back and lost their fields due to accrued debts. The number of urban poor increased. However, things changed under the tribune of Gracchus. The poor and landless were given public land and allowed to join the military. Nonetheless, he fell victim to the checks and balances when he tried to bypass the Senate and got killed during his seek for reelection. Ensuring that the Tribune followed the law made Roman’s politically and socially stable (Matyszak, 2003) .
In conclusion, the checks and balances of the government of the Roman republic brought about political and social stability. The system allowed for coexistence between the dominant Patrician with the Plebeian. Their conflict would have easily broken the republic into two and never reunite. Secondly, the presence of the checks and balances gave them concrete plans over their enemies. As a result, they concurred most of their enemies and extended immensely. Lastly, the immense extension of the republic threatened its social and political stability. The army lost their farms and number of urban poor increased. However, matters were put in control by eliminating the violators of the law. The result was a stable Roman republic.
Reference
Matyszak, P. (2003). Chronicle of the Roman Republic: The rulers of Ancient Rome from Romulus to Augustus . New York: Thames & Hudson.
