Nursing models allow nurses to focus more on nursing roles, than on medical practice, to improve patient outcomes ( Shah & Khan, 2015 ). Roy’s model defines nursing practice based on an individual’s make-up of the interrelated psychological, social, and physical aspects. As such, the model considers four dominant concepts of the person; their adaptation to their health and environment, and the nursing practice. The adaptation model, in nursing, considers the individual as an adaptive system ( Phillips & Harris, 2014 ). This adaptation occurs because of cognator and regular control processes, which enable the individual, develop coping behaviorsin self-concept, physiological, role function and interdependence modes. The Roy’s theory of the person as an adaptive system has been used in several cases to improve adaptation to treatment and increase life expectancy ( Babamohamadi et al, 2016 ).
This essay evaluates use of Roy’s Adaptation Model (RAM) in the care of a patient diagnosed with breast cancer and who underwent breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Using the model, patient data was derived based on the individual’s physical self and personal self ( Babamohamadi et al, 2016 ). In this test, the body sensation and image as well as self-consistency and the ideal, moral, ethical, and spiritual aspects of the person were considered. The data was then evaluated based on the four modes of RAM of physiological, self-concept, role function and interdependence modes ( Ursavaş, 2014 ).
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With a patient-centered focus, physiological integrity of the patient was evaluated by considering the environmental stimuli on the patient, including chemical and physical processes within their lives and activities ( Babamohamadi et al, 2016 ). Physiological requirements observed were oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, senses, fluid electrolyte and acid-base balance. Additionally, neurologic balance and endocrine function was also considered. Using RAM, the patient registered an effective coping mechanism to changes in respective physiological aspects ( Babamohamadi et al, 2016 ).
RAM provides an effective method for assessing patient’s self-concept with regard to the care after mastectomy, by enhancing self-acceptance ( Chagas et al, 2015 ). Based on the self-concept mode, the patient’s physical self and identity in terms of beliefs and self-conceptualization were considered ( Chagas et al, 2015) . Through use of RAM, the patient’s mode adaptation indicators indicated their positive self-concepts reflective of efficient coping ability against self-threat ( Chagas et al, 2015) .
In consideration of the patient’s primary, secondary, and tertiary roles in social integrity, the patient’s sexuality, family responsibilities, and social associations were considered ( Babamohamadi et al, 2016 ). Mode adaptation indicators based on RAM established efficient role changing and fulfilment. Additionally, the patient showed continued responsibility for their roles with good combination and balancing of roles. Further, the results showed good coping methods in role changing ( Chagas et al, 2015) .
Further assessment was made of the patient’s meaningful relationships and their interactions with support systems. Evaluation was done whether aspects related to love and respect improved patient’s confidence in adapting to the care necessitated by the diagnosis. Additional influence of external factors such as economic, political, and cultural was also considered ( Chagas et al, 2015) . The patient’s competence in interrelations, development, and resources were then interpreted in mode adaptation indicators with respect to RAM. The patient showed a balance in taking and giving love, dependency and independency and positive coping mechanisms to counter loneliness. The patient also demonstrated maturity in their relationships ( Chagas et al, 2015) .
Conclusion
In my nursing practice, I use Roy’s Adaptive Model to provide holistic care to elderly patients. In my department, we explore the mode adaptation indicators based on Roy’s Adaptation Model to establish the patients’ adaptation to physiological and functional changes and processes occasioned by passage of time and to nursing care provision with the aim of promoting successful aging. The nursing practice interventions using Roy’s Adaptation Model allow my department to consider the multidimensional perspectives of an individual patient in order to appraise their aging process against the cumulative changes occasioned by passage of time. This allows us to provide holistic care while also improving the quality of life of the client by considering their mind, body and spirit in care provision. These nursing intervention based on the adaptation model have not only increased patient outcomes, but have also allowed patients adapt to successful aging processes as well as dying with dignity.
References
Babamohamadi, H., Nobahar, M., Saffari, M., Samaei, S. A., & Mirmohammadkhani, M. (2016). Relationship among dimensions of Roy Adaptation Model, general health and satisfaction with life in patients with Parkinson disease. Health Sciences , 5 (11), 467-476.
Chagas Viana, T., Rodrigues, S. M., & Garcia de Andrade, P. (2015). The woman's life after mastectomy in the light of Roy Adaptive theory. Revista de Pesquisa: Cuidado e Fundamental , 7 (4).
Phillips, K. D., & Harris, R. (2014). Roy’s adaptation model in nursing practice. MR Alligood, Nursing theory: Utilization and application , 263-284.
Shah, M., Abdullah, A., & Khan, H. (2015). Compare and contrast of grand theories: Orem’s self-care deficit theory and Roy’s adaptation model. Int J Nurs Didac , 5 (1).
Ursavaş, F. E., Karayurt, O, & İşeri, Ö. (2014). Nursing Approach Based on Roy Adaptation Model in a Patient Undergoing Breast Conserving Surgery for Breast Cancer. The journal of breast health , 10 (3), 134–140. doi:10.5152/tjbh.2014.1910
