In general, research is carried out to resolve an existing problem. In order to achieve this goal, it is essential for the investigator to identify an appropriate research approach and design which in turn determine the sampling, data collection and, analytical techniques to be employed. Sampling process entails identification of a representative population. In this case, the investigator is interested in identifying the at-risk population in developing complications related to air embolism during a medical procedure (McCarthy, Behravesh, Naidu, & Oklu, 2017) . Therefore, the most effective sampling technique would be merging random and stratified strategies. Whereas random sampling offers the advantage of the high degree of representation, stratified ensures that all strata are represented, and they include ages, race and, lifestyles among others. By combining the two tactics, one can eliminate limitations that could affect an effective representative.
Since the study will be undertaken in a clinical setting, secondary data collection method will be used . The investigator(s) would rely on administrative data from electronic patient management program collected over the past 20 years. The main advantage of this data collection method is that it is convenient and the researcher will be able to pinpoint the procedure that the patient was undergoing as well as the forms of treatment used to save him/her. However, reliance on electronic patient records might not provide essential data like a patient’s lifestyle (Saczynski, McManus, & Goldberg, 2013) . In other words, electronic records offer an incomplete depiction of the events being described.
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Furthermore , the researcher might experience challenges arising from the ethical implications of the use of medical records (Staman & McCall, 2014) . First, participants should be informed that their records are being used for research and they should give their free consent. Another ethical implication arises from the need to keep the information confidential thus forcing the researcher to use aliases and omit any information that can lead to the identification of the participant.
Accuracy is an essential aspect of any research to accomplish the intended goal. Reliability and validity are used to determine a study’s accuracy (Chapter 5: Psychological Measurement, 2015) . Reliability describes the consistency or repeatability of the measure while reliability determines the extent to which the instruments measure the relationship between the intended variables. In this case, inter-rater reliability will be employed . This form of reliability entails comparing datasets from different researchers to determine consistency. The researcher(s) will employ criterion validity by relying on a proven concept that will act as comparison criteria .
References
Chapter 5: Psychological Measurement. (2015, September 23). Reliability and Validity of Measurement. Research Methods in Psychology . Retrieved from https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/reliability-and-validity-of-measurement/
McCarthy, C. J., Behravesh, S., Naidu, S. G., & Oklu, R. (2017). Air Embolism: Diagnosis, Clinical Management and Outcomes. NCBI . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5373014/
Saczynski, J. S., McManus, D. D., & Goldberg, R. J. (2013). Commonly Utilized Data Collection Approaches in Clinical Research. NCBI . Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3827694/
Staman, K. L., & McCall, J. (2014, October 2). Acquiring and Using Electronic Health Record Data. Retrieved from http://rethinkingclinicaltrials.org/resources/acquiring-and-using-electronic-health-record-data/
