Sensation refers to the process through which we are able to have a feeling of the environment through the five senses which include touch, taste, sight, sound and smell (Goldstein, 2013). Perception, on the other hand, refers to the process through which information gathered through sensation is sent to the brain and is interpreted thus giving meaning to different senses (Goldstein, 2013). These two processes depend on each other for optimum performance.
An example of how these two work together is the process of depth perception whereby humans are able to view the world in three dimensions (Goldstein, 2013). This process arises from a number of depth cues which can either be binocular or monocular cues. Binocular cues involve the receipt of sensory information in three dimensions and usually involves both eyes whereas monocular cues involve two dimensions with the use of only one eye (Goldstein, 2013). An example of a binocular cue is retinal disparity whereby looking at a flat object gives one the perception of depth. This is attributed to the fact that both the left and right eye has a slight different sensation of the same image, however, at the level of perception only one image is perceived hence the perception of depth. The same also applies with monocular cues such as linear perspective where one usually has a view of parallel lines converging at a horizontal which means that the process of sensation picks up two objects but that of perception interprets it as one object hence the Ponzo Illusion Effect (Cali, 2017).
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The Gestalt principle dictates that humans are naturally capable of perceiving objects as orderly and organized forms and patterns (Cali, 2017). This is made possible by both the processes of sensation and perception which enable the recognition of stimuli that; has physical resemblance, close to each other and the perceiving of forms and figures in their complete appearance (Cali, 2017).
Perceptual illusions are the discrepancies between reality that occur due to nod sensory functioning hence resulting to something objectively existing in such a way as to cause misinterpretation of its actual nature (Pastorino, 2015). These types of illusions occur as a result of misperceptions where the perception process is not able to cognitively identify an object picked up through the sensation process (Pastorino, 2015). An example of perceptual illusion is when travelling in a fast-moving vehicle and trees and poles appear to be moving.
References
Calì, C. (2017). Phenomenology of perception: Theories, experimental evidence, models . Boston: Brill-Rodopi.
Goldstein, E. B. (2013). Sensation and perception . California: Wadsworth.
Pastorino, E. E. (2015). What is psychology? Foundations, applications, and integration . Boston: Cengage Learning.
