Belinda
Stakeholders are individuals who may or may not be impacted by the change initiative but have an interest in the change itself or its outcomes. For any change initiative to be successful, an organization must identify its stakeholders based on the definition mentioned above. Secondly, the change management team should conduct a thorough stakeholder analysis to gain insight into each stakeholder (Noto & Noto, 2018) . The final step in this process is the development of a stakeholder map that will help the change management team to prioritize and address individuals based on the following factors:
Their ability to influence others.
How the change will impact them.
How interested they are in the change.
Their feelings about the change.
Communication is of great importance in the change initiative. Before the change initiative starts, a robust communication strategy must be developed by highlighting the purpose of communication activities, identifying the key stakeholders, the methods of communication, and the proposed timing of the communication (Noto & Noto, 2018) . The previously conducted stakeholder analysis must be integrated into the communication plan to ensure that the type and amount of communication are aligned with the stakeholders.
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Monica
The pizza shop had a great strategy of moving into cashless transactions because of the pandemic. However, their mistake was to think that change management only applies to the business internally. Instead, the pizza shop should have managed the changes to its payment methods by engaging with their customers so as to meet their shifting expectations (Eskerod et al., 2015) . When internal changes are made, customers may either be receptive to change. Often, these are changes that do not require a change in behavior or attitude. Customers may also be resistant to change. This occurs when they have to adjust in order to interact with the business – in this case, the use of credit cards, which had a negative effect on the overall customer experience (Eskerod et al., 2015) . To avoid such instances, the pizza shop should have engaged with their customers on the use of credit cards to create a self-sustaining business ecosystem. The pizza shop should also have analyzed concerns from their consumers’ point of view in order for them to buy into the change.
Stakeholders are people who can be affected by or affect the operations of the enterprise. From the inception of the project, stakeholders must be engaged in order to preserve constructive relationships (Eskerod et al., 2015) . This is not only about making money but ensuring that everyone’s interests are captured in the change process.
References
Eskerod, P., Huemann, M., & Savage, G. (2015). Project stakeholder management—past and present. Project Management Journal , 46 (6), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmj.21555
Noto, G., & Noto, L. (2018). Local strategic planning and stakeholder analysis: Suggesting a dynamic performance management approach. Public Organization Review , 19 (3), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-018-0403-0
