Potential Adverse Effects of Sulfonamides
The advanced age of the patient puts him at a high risk of experiencing adverse reactions to sulfonamides affected by multiple medicine use and any impairment in hepatic or renal process. A rare adverse effect of using sulfonamides is a high chance of thrombocytopenia sometimes associated with purpura especially in the use of co-trimoxazole (BPAC, 2012, p. 32) . The patient also might have allergies to sulfa, which has a rare adverse effect of anemia and Stevens-Johnsons syndrome (Jancel & Dudas, 2002, p. 53 ) . Sulfonamide antimicrobial allergy also results in hypersensitivity reactions experienced by the patient include maculopapular eruption composed of rash with fever (Giles et al., 2019, p. 5 ) . Continuous maculopapular results in Stevens-Johnsons syndrome associated with blistering, arthralgias development, and mucous membrane involvement (Giles et al., 2019, p. 6 ) .
Nurse’s Role in Sulfonamide Therapy
The nurse role in sulfonamide therapy entails consideration of various factors when selecting the sulfonamide to be used or not to be used. The nurse reviews the patient’s allergic history, community resistance prevalence, previous antibiotic therapy, and tolerability and cost of the treatment (Jancel & Dudas, 2002, p. 52 ) . The nurse closely monitors any side effects and risk factors associated with the therapy. The nurse also considered alternative options for patients with resistant infections and intolerance to sulfonamide agents. The nurses also recommend double-check and prescribe clearly the appropriate medicine for the patient (BPAC, 2012) .
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Effects of Sulfonamide Therapy on the Patient’s Intake of Fluids
Sulfonamide therapy results in hematopoietic effects including aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, and hemolytic anemia. Soluble agents of sulfonamide result in the patient being asked to drink lots of water. A large amount of water being taken into the body is to increase the dissolution of the agents preventing crystalluria (Scholar, 2007) . A large intake of water also reduces precipitation of sulfonamide in the kidneys that results in renal stones (Kester, Karpa, & Vrana, 2012) .
References
BPAC. (2012, May). BPJ 49: Antibiotic Series : Appropriate Use of Sulfonamide Antibiotics . Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand. https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2012/December/sulfonamides.aspx
Giles, A., Foushee, J., Lantz, E., & Gumina, G. (2019). Sulfonamide Allergies. Pharmacy , 7 (3), 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7030132
Jancel, T., & Dudas, V. (2002). Management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Western Journal of Medicine , 176 (1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.176.1.51
Kester, M., Karpa, K., & Vrana, K. (2012). Treatment of Infectious Diseases . ScienceDirect.com | Science, Health and Medical Journals, Full-Text Articles and Books. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323074452000045
Scholar, E. (2007). Sulfonamides . xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008055232-3.61013-X
