Nursing care model refers to the collection of beliefs, values and ideas about the nursing purpose and nature, which has a hand on how nurses handle patients. All the same health care institutions have the challenge to select the best model which would possibly fit with the hospital dynamic environment and also has the capability of scrutinizing the traditional care delivery systems; for instance team nursing care delivery model.
Describe Team Nursing Care Model
History of the model (when, where, why, who developed it)
The team nursing care delivery model was developed in the 1950s, specifically the year 1953 (COP-D Nursing, 2011). The model was developed by a teacher in the University of Columbia, New York, named Eleanor Lambertson. The main reason for developing this model was primarily for the purposes of ensuring that care fragmentation or problems which result from the functional approach of nursing care model which is task-oriented is overcome (COP-D Nursing, 2011). The main focus of the team nursing care delivery model is to cooperatively and collaboratively work together, share responsibilities, as well as accountability for evaluation, assessment, delivering and planning the patients care.
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Personnel utilized in the model
The personnel of the team nursing care delivery model is basically the nurses and other licensed medical practitioners among others. The model usually employs a professional team of skilled nurses for the purposes of working together as a team and completes their assignments on time. The team nursing care delivery model has a nurse manager and a registered nurse as the team leader.
Roles and responsibilities, Educational preparation, & Licensure requirements
Usually, the nurse managers’ role is to supervise care delivery given to patients ensuring that it meets the quality and safety standards in consideration to the available financial, material and human resources (Ferguson & Cioffi, 2011). The registered nurse on the other hand coordinates care given to the patients whether in or outpatient. Other healthcare staff members usually offer healthcare services as required of them ensuring that every patient gets whatever that is required or as prescribed by the medical doctors. In addition, they all work together to ensure that the best possible care is given to the patients. Educational preparation for the nurses is advanced. The nurses are highly experienced in delivering the best care in their teams under their respective leaders. The nurses employed in this model of care are usually rich with a broad range of education levels, professional standings and skills (Fairbrother et al., 2010). Licensure of the nursing team is usually done with reference to the education levels of an individual. In addition, there are general requirements which must be met before a license is issued to a nurse or a medical practitioner. For instance, it is required that before applying for a license to be a registered nurse, the individual must have graduated from an approved institution with an approved nursing program. In addition, a persons’ mental and physical health status also matters as well as a person’s history i.e. felony convictions, limitations or loss of privileges, a history of claims in professional liability, and disciplinary actions among others. In addition, there is need to have a “successful completion of the exam for license” and HIV/AIDS training (Washington Department of State Health, n.d.).
Coordination of work
Cooperation and coordination of work among the personnel are very crucial in delivering patient care. Through assignments delegation, every team member ensures that the relationship with each other is fostered which results to respect for every team member’s accountability and responsibility level. The delegation of duties and patients are usually done before the shift begins, and in the end, outcomes and care given summary resulting from caring for patients are given. Other activities which may be done by nursing aid, nurse volunteer or unlicensed assistive nurse is the accountability and responsibility of the registered nurse (team leader). The team leaders give support, evaluate and monitor other team members (Cioffi & Ferguson, 2009). Also, team leaders, depending on the role of team members and issue precise responsibilities. Team members usually report back to the registered nurse, then the registered nurse reports back to the manager of the unit or the nurse in charge. Through the written assignments of patients, nursing care development plans, and using team conferences which are regularly scheduled for the purpose of discussing the status of patients and formulate care plan revisions, communication between the team members is enhanced.
Reporting relationships
Working relationships in team nursing model are improved through reporting, which have registered an increased ability of nurses to work and share together. The team leaders who are the registered nurses reported having an increased satisfaction which improved particularly because of enhanced relationships with other members. Reporting is not only done to the medical practitioners but also to the family of the patient. As a result, the relationship between staff, patients and families improved. More so, the motivation and morale increased which resulted in improved communications (Furguson & Cioffi, 2011).
Educational requirements for the various nursing positions in the model
When it comes to educational requirements, it is expected that the medical personnel be highly educated in matters appertaining to health. Registered nurses under the team nursing care delivery model are expected to have been prepared in at least 1 out of 3 pathways of education which can take up to 4 years for training to be complete (Institute of Medicine, Wunderlich, Sloan, & Davis, 1996). Nurses are expected to have at least an associate degree, be diploma graduate or have a baccalaureate degree in nursing (Institute of Medicine, Wunderlich, Sloan, & Davis, 1996). Nursing requires an individual to be highly skilled and knowledgeable in order to meet the high demand for a broad-based level of skills required in the healthcare sector. In addition, it is required that an individual be at least with a 2 or more years’ experience depending on their level of education (Guidelines for Nurses, n.d.).
Discuss How Team Nursing Care Model
Affects/influences cost, quality of care, patient and family satisfaction
Inadequately staffing of nursing units has greater consequences such as poor outcomes and higher costs for both the nurses and the patients. Team nursing care delivery adequately staff nursing units which are less costly to the patients and have greater outcomes all round. Team nursing care delivery model maximizes the utilization of “health human resources” and enhances the safety and quality of delivering care to the patients. The delivery model emphasizes on quality care because of the consistency of the nursing services which meets the standards of the nursing practice. This model ensures that there is safety and quality care delivery to patients (Havaei, 2016). Team nursing model is believed to be the best and most significant quality regarding patient-centred care (Wen & Schulman, 2014). Offering the best care to patients satisfies both the patient and the family; team nursing model is the best way to improve the delivery of patient care and build relations (Wen & Schulman, 2014).
How availability of resources is taken into consideration when adopting this model
Primary information show that nurse manager’s experiences on team nursing precisely focused on team nursing adaptation associated with the concerns and gains. In most cases, nurses may demand high pay which may prove hard with the model. As a result, there may be a shortage of nurses to support the team nursing model.
How the delivery model affects nursing job satisfaction, patient/family satisfaction, and hospital satisfaction
The team leaders of this model reported to having an increased interest in their jobs which particularly improved through better relationships as well as a developing staff. Similarly, the patients have reported having been satisfied with the model as well as the other staff members. In addition, this model raised the morale of family and their patients as well as the nurses and the entire administration (Ferguson & Cioffi, 2011).
The pros and cons of team nursing care delivery model
The greatest of all the advantages is that this care delivery model relies on collaborative teamwork; all members of the team are accountable for the safety and quality of delivering care to patients (Havaei, 2016). In addition, the care given under this model is more personalized unlike that of other models. Team nursing model also provides nurses with an increased potential for developing eloquent caregiving (Cioffi & Ferguson, 2009). On the other hand, there are disadvantages as well which drag behind the team nursing care model. For instance, the team leader is expected to be highly skilled and exhibits quality skills in leadership. Also, the model may lack the aspect of proper timing for communication and planning; a vital part of it in terms of continuing care and patient safety (Babiker et al., 2014).
Team nursing delivery model is simply the most appropriate model to be applied in any healthcare institution. Team nursing care delivery offers nurses with a great method of teamwork which successfully incorporates into the system of caregiving thus giving the best ever results. With the team nursing care delivery model, relationships are enhanced thus building trust between the patients and medical practitioners.
References
Babiker, A., El Husseini, M., Al Nemri, A., Al Frayh, A., Al Juryyan, N., Faki, M. O., … Al Zamil, F. (2014). Health care professional development: Working as a team to improve patient care. Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics , 14(2), 9–16.
Cioffi, J. & Ferguson, L. (2009). Team nursing in acute care settings: Nurses’ experiences. Contemp Nurse. 33 (1):2-12.
COP-D Nursing. (2011, August 29). Leadership in Team Nursing. Prezi . Retrieved from https://prezi.com/p2wmljj5ao_a/leadership-in-team-nursing/
Fairbrother, G., Jones, A., & Rivas, K. (2010). Changing model of nursing care from individual patient allocation to team nursing in the acute inpatient environment. Contemporary Nurse , 35(2): 202-20. doi: 10.5172/conu.2010.35.2.202.
Ferguson, L., & Cioffi, J. (2011). Team nursing: experiences of nurse managers in acute care settings. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 28 (4), 5-11.
Guidelines for Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.qchp.org.qa/en/Documents/Guidelines%20for%20Nurses.pdf
Havaei, F. (December 2016). The Effect of Mode of Nursing Care Delivery and Skill Mix on Quality and Patient Safety Outcomes. The University of British Columbia. Retrieved from https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubctheses/24/items/1.0340283
Institute of Medicine, Wunderlich, G. S., Sloan, F., & Davis, C. K., (eds). (1996). “Nursing Personnel in a Time of Change.” Nursing Staff in Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Is It Adequate? Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US).
Washington State Department of Health. (n.d). Nurse Licensing. Registered Nurse; License requirements . Retrieved from https://www.doh.wa.gov/LicensesPermitsandCertificates/NursingCommission/NurseLicensing/RegisteredNurse/LicenseRequirements
Wen, J., & Schulman, K. A. (2014). Can Team-Based Care Improve Patient Satisfaction? A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS ONE, 9 (7), e100603. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100603
