Inclusion Criteria
d) Articles that evaluate the psychological problems that surrogate mothers face.
e) Articles that assess the implications of expected and unexpected loss in a surrogate pregnancy.
Exclusion Criteria
a) Articles that focused on other forms of advanced reproductive health.
b) Articles that failed to explore the topic of surrogacy in depth with regards to the surrogate mother or child.
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c) Articles that evaluated the laws of adoption while excluding those involved for surrogates.
d) Articles that failed to discuss the emotional and psychological effects of surrogacy on all parties involved.
The research led to the inclusion of twenty-nine articles all of which were screened for applicability thus produced a variety of results through the incorporation of different methods of analysis. Materials reviewed in the introductory section included the use of empirical data that evaluated the trends in the increasing role of nurses during the surrogacy process. Additionally, ethics and the emotional distress associated with infertility was further assessed through qualitative analysis. The background section, on the other hand, involved the use of thirteen articles most of which explored surrogate mothers and the risks involved during surrogacy.
The articles used for the results section evaluated the mental and psychological effects of the attachment theory on the surrogate mother, the child, and the surrogate families. Two out of the eight articles presented for the results section critically evaluate the attachment theory while a similar number evaluated surrogacy from the perspective of the law in various countries ranging from the United States to Iran. The remaining articles then investigated the psychological well-being of the families involved during surrogacy.
Results
A majority of the articles used for the research involved qualitative data (75.9%) while the remainder involved the use of both mixed methods and quantitative data. The qualitative materials used as points of reference evaluate the risk factors for surrogacy, the effects of detachment and the psychological impact of the same on the concerned families. Articles that incorporated the mixed methods used empirical data to depict the evidence of these effects while those that focused primarily on quantitative research revealed the current and prevalent trends of surrogacy in numerous countries such as the US, Canada, Argentina, and Iran.
