The Roy Adaptation Model contains principles that were promulgated by Sister Callista Roy. The model focuses on four main concepts including nursing, health, person, and environment (Shah, Abdullah, & Khan, 2015). Thus, the Roy Adaptation Model is relevant to family nurse practitioners (FNPs) because it provides guidelines on how to deal with a wide range of patients. The model enables FNPs to view their patients as adaptive systems whose behaviour is affected by environmental factors, resulting in an adverse effect on their behaviour. Therefore, family nursing care aims at enhancing the lives of patients to enable them to become highly adaptive to the environmental factors that are likely to impact their health (Hatami & Hojjati, 2019).
In the family nursing practice, the issues that can be handled using the Roy Adaptation model are patient conditions that are likely to have drastic effects on patients’ lives, like is the case with chronic illnesses and eating disorders. When diagnosed with the latter, the patients must develop high adaptive capabilities to cope with their conditions. According to Jennings (2017), four adaptation modes can be used to help patients cope better with medical diagnosis. First is the interdependence adaptive mode, which makes an individual feel the need to nurture relationships with others to receive and give love, care, and respect (Jennings, 2017). Second is the need for physiological integrity, which covers the manifestation of all physiological activities that the human body performs (Jennings, 2017). Role function highlights the need for social integrity and includes the role that individuals are expected to play in society and their relationship with others within it (Jennings, 2017). Finally, self-concept highlights the human need for spiritual and psychic integrity, both of which are crucial to what one thinks of themselves (Jennings, 2017).
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At work, I once worked with an eighteen-year-old girl that had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa since she was sixteen. She had undergone treatment in hospitals a couple of times, and on this specific occasion, she had been brought in because she had fainted in school, a result of low blood sugar. She expressed that she starved herself and exercised a lot because she did not want to be fat. So, to help her increase her BMI, which indicated that she was underweight, other nurses working with the patient, and I exploited the role function of adaptation by collaborating with the patient to establish treatment goals that assured her of a sense of control and autonomy in the treatment process. We also monitored her weight, caloric intake, and physical activity. Afterward, we created interventions to determine the difficulties she had when dealing with her emotions and suggested alternative measures she could apply to deal with the same. The said approach exploited the physiological adaptation mode proposed by the Roy Adaptation Model. Also, we used the self-concept mode of adaptation by discussing with the patient how her weight overvaluation affected her self-concept and what she could do to challenge the same. Finally, we engaged the interdependence adaptation mode by mobilizing the creation of a support system for the patient, characterized by affection adequacy. In two weeks, the patient’s health improved drastically.
References
Hatami, F., & Hojjati, H. (2019). Effect of Roy’s adaptation model on the care burden of mothers of children under chemotherapy (A Quasi-Experimental Study). Medical-Surgical Nursing Journal, 8 (1).
Jennings, K. M. (2017). The Roy Adaptation Model: A theoretical framework for nurses providing care to individuals with anorexia nervosa. ANS. Advances in nursing science , 40 (4), 370-383.
Shah, M., Abdullah, A., & Khan, H. (2015). Compare and contrast of grand theories: Orem’s self-care deficit theory and Roy’s adaptation model. Int J Nurs Didac , 5 (1).
