People
1500 to 1700 AD: Anne Hutchinson, George Fox, John Winthrop, John Harvard, Edward VI, John Calvin
1700 to 1900 AD: John Wesley, William Penn, Charles Wesley.
1900 to 2000 AD: Abraham Kuyper
Movement
1500 to 1700 AD: Council of Trent, Marburg Colloquy, Edict of Nantes, Battle of Kappel, Wishart, Affair of the Sausages, Affair of the Placards, Wishart
1700 to 1900 AD: Battle of Bishops
1900 to 2000 AD: The Third Great Awakening
Events
1500 to 1700 AD: Anabaptists, Lollards, Antinomianism, Discalced Carmelites, Conciliarism
1700 to 1900 AD: Spiritualism, Puritans
1900 to 2000 AD: Pentecostalism, Methodism, Quakers
Section 2
| Item | Timeline | Brief Description |
|
People |
||
|
John Calvin 1509 –1564 |
1509 –1564 | Author of Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion. He publicized the sovereign nature of God and the predestination doctrine. |
|
Edward VI 1537 –1553 |
1537 –1553 | He was England’s first monarch raised as a protestant. |
|
John Winthrop 1588–1649 |
1588–1649 | He was a Puritan leader who created a foundation of an established religion in Massachusetts. |
|
Anne Hutchinson 1591-1643 |
1591-1643 | She was a puritan religious leader portrayed as a defender of feminism and freedom of religion. |
|
John Harvard 1607-1638 |
1607-1638 | Harvard and his Cambridge colleagues dialed to the new colony of Massachusetts Bay in 1630 to spread and practice their Puritan views. |
|
George Fox 1624 - 1691 |
1624 - 1691 | He pioneered the establishment of the Quaker movement. Fox was highly opposed to the obvious corruption in the church. |
|
William Penn 1644 – 1718 |
1644 – 1718 | He was a member of the Quaker movement. Penn established the state of Pennsylvania |
|
John Wesley 1703-1791 |
1703-1791 | He pioneered the Methodism revival movement in the Church of England. |
|
Charles Wesley 1707 - 1788 |
1707 - 1788 | He was a member of the Methodist movement. Wesley is widely known for composing 6500 hymns. |
|
Abraham Kuyper 1837 - 1920 |
1837 - 1920 | Kuyper is celebrated for his contributions to theology in the Netherlands. |
|
Movement |
||
| Affair of the Sausages | 1522 | The dispute over sausages let to a major turning point in reformation in the whole of Western Europe. |
| Battle of Kappel | 1529 - 1531 | The first and second wars of Kappel were armed conflict between protestants and Catholics. They happened in 1529 and 1531 respectively. |
| Marburg Colloquy | 1 Oct 1529 – 4 Oct 1529 | It was meant to be a united movement of all protestants against the catholic church. |
|
Wishart |
1531 |
It was reformist religion established by George Wishart in Scotland. |
| Council of Trent | 1545 - 1563 | The movement challenges the doctrines and beliefs of the protestant reform movement. |
| Affair of the Placards | 1534 | This was the first open protest against the catholic church in Paris, France. |
| Affair of Latimer/ Ridley | 1555 | Latimer and Ridely were two martyrs burned at the stake for failing to renounce their beliefs in God. |
| Battle of Bishops | 1639 - 1640 | It is regarded as the main cause of the war between the three kingdoms of the British Isles. Kings in all three kingdoms disagreed on the religious system that was meant to be used universally. |
| Edict of Nantes | 1661 - 1700 | Henry IV used the edict of Nantes to end the ferocious battle between protestants and Catholics. |
| The Third Great Awakening | 1970s | Established by William Mcloughlin, the movement advocated for social activism and reignite religious fervor. |
|
Events |
||
| Lollards | 14th -16th Century | It was established by John Wycliffe. They held strong condemnation of the catholic church and particularly the pope. |
| Conciliarism | 14th – 16th Century | Held the belief that the church should be led by a general council rather than a papacy. |
| Anabaptists | 1522 | They were led by Zwingli and held the ideology that baptism was to be delayed until the point that a person confessed their faith to Christ. |
| Antinomianism | 1539 | Formed by Martin Luther to criticize the Lutheran beliefs. |
| Discalced Carmelites | 1562 | Comprises of men and women who forgo their normal lives for a life of prayer and fasting. |
| Puritans | 1601-1700 | They grew weary of the imposed beliefs of the church of England and implemented their own religious, moral, and societal reforms. |
| Quakers | 1651-To Date | It began as a branch of Christianity in England. They believed in equal and inward access to God for everyone. |
| Methodism | 1784-To Date | John Wesley formed Methodism to reform the Church of England from within. |
| Spiritualism | 1848 | It asserts that Christians should be aware of spirits that exist around them and how to understand the unseen. |
| Pentecostalism | 1901 | It led to the development of the modern charismatic movement. |
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Section 3:
Anne Hutchinson
Anne Hutchison defied the male dominated region of Massachusetts Bay to become on the most respected women in the history of Christianity. She had been banished from Rhode Island for her beliefs. She spearheaded the development of religious freedom in England’s American colonies. Anne is also responsible for preaching to all genders alike and taught about her Puritan teachings. She had not received a formal education and regarded Reverend John Cotton as her main inspiration. Anne received criticism for her defiance of gender roles by gaining authority over men through her sermons. Hutchinson mobilized fellow women to fight for their rights and reject gender roles imposed by men. She continued with her mission even after her excommunication from the church. Anne is honored as a courageous activist of civil liberty and religious toleration.
George Fox
Fox was a Christian leader in the 17th Century. George’s spiritual journey begun after he and a group of friends went out for a jug of beer. The men had agreed to take one glass piece; however, Fox’s friend began asking for more and daring each other to compete for who would drink the most. This issue deeply troubled him because he did not expect youth who proclaimed themselves as Christians to overindulge into such behavior. It troubled him to the extent that he left home in search of spiritual answers (Christianity.com, 2020). After talking to those who were holy, investigating claims, praying and studying the bible, he found out that no one had a single answer for his unhappiness. He later discovered that only inner illumination would give him the happiness he was in search of which inspired him to form the Society of Friends (Quakers). Together, they faced many tribulations spreading the good word to the world.
The Council of Trent
Council of Trent is considered the most revolutionary movement of the catholic counter-reformation. It was the first significant response of the Catholic Church towards the growing influence of the Protestants reformation. The main aim of the movement was to condemn all teachings and beliefs of the Protestants such as Martin Luther and John Calvin (Christianity.com, 2020). It was made up of mainly Catholic Bishops with a membership of 40 clergymen. The Council of Trent condemned the main ideology of Protestants that justification was by faith alone and good works, also known as sola fide. The Catholic Church considered such teachings to be heresy and an insult to the most high. Council of Trent also rebuked the protestant reformer’s condemnation of the Apocrypha as part of re bible. The apocrypha included a number of number of books found in ancient Jewish writings that had been included in the bible.
The Marburg Colloquy
Marburg Colloquy is the name used to refer to the meeting convened by Ulrich Zwingli and Martin Luther in 1529. The main aim of the meeting was to establish a united front for all protestant denominations so that they would present strong opposition to the Catholic Church. Philip of Hesse believed that a divided protestant world would be vulnerable to Charles V (Christianity.com, 2020). Their ideology was strong and would have borne fruit had the various protestant churches joined forces. The meeting failed due to one main issue; beliefs. Each group was reluctant to abandon some of their philosophies to adopt those of their counterparts. Luther and Zwingli disagreed on the issue of the Sacrament. Luther believed it represented the body of Christ while Zwingli believed communion services were meant to signify the body of Christ rather than the literal body.
Lollards
The Lollards were followers of John Wycliffe. It was initially compromised of Wycliffe’s supporters at Oxford, his students and the royal court, but later on it spread to other parts of the world gaining popularity between the 15th and the 17th Century. Members held profound differences with the Catholic Church. Among their main concerns was the position of the Pope in the church and the hierarchical structure that had been established in the Catholic Church (Christianity.com, 2020). Lollards emphasized that Christians should focus on personal piety, humility, and simplicity in all their associations with God. Throughout a major part of his life, Wycliffe had emerged as a supporter of anti-clerical and anti-papal nobility. Through his movement, he was able to push ideas that the catholic way was not the only way leading to development of protestant movements.
Reference
Christianity.com. (2020). Christianity Timeline between 6000B.C. and Now . Christianity.com. https://www.christianity.com/church/church-history/timeline/1601-1700/
