Question 1
The Consensus Model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) is a significant move towards consistency in how APRNs are recognized and prepared for practice. APRNs refer to a nurse who has undertaken post-graduate education in nursing. It is now time for the United States to move on with allowing Full Practice and Authority for APRNs, as barring them from would result in unintended consequences. In terms of health care costs, blocking APRNs from full practice authority would make the country’s health care system expensive for citizens. According to Dillon & Gary (2017), the costs associated with hospital complications and increased length of stay in hospitals have been reduced in states where Nurse Practice has been added to clinical service. Restricting Nurse practitioners from full practice authority affect making healthcare expensive.
Relating to access to health care, barring APRNs from full practicing authority would eventually deprive health care service to many vulnerable people. According to Peterson (2017), if APRNs are permitted to practice fully to the degree of their training and education, it would help in building the workforce that is required to meet the country’s health service demands. Also, their unique skills would as well be useful in the delivery of patient-centered care in community-based healthcare programs (Ash, 2020). Concerning the delivery of care, APRNs are capable of delivering health care to vulnerable and underserved populations. It is found that among the communities that are vulnerable and underserved, nurse practitioners without Full Practice Authority are left without the capability of continuing with care after physicians exit the area (Dillon & Gary, 2017). Therefore, the loss of a physician leads to loss of health care from Nurse Practitioners.
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Lastly, concerning the quality of care, Nurse Practitioners offer quality healthcare services and barring them from full practice would deprive citizens of their services. According to Lindeke, Avery & White, (2015), health care status and resource utilization for patients served by either a physician or a primary care nurse practitioner were the same. According to the study, there are no identifiable differences in health status, satisfaction, physiologic measures, or use of inpatient visits, emergency room or a specialist for patients attend by either a physician or a nurse practitioner.
Question 2
The Nurse Licensure Compact (NLC) provides the nurses with the ability to serve in any compact state of the United States with a multistate license. The licensure is the primary component ensuring that all nurses are competent enough to practice safely in any state in the US, thus promoting ease of access to health in all the states (Ash, 2020). The basis for the license is education and examination. The public is therefore guaranteed of safety through component regulatory strategies such as licensure, education, certification, and accreditation (Benton et al., 2019). Therefore, the Nurse Licensure compact avails the services of qualified nurses in all the states.
Question 3
In Mississippi, the implementation of the Consensus Model has not been fully met. The Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) are allowed to practice as those with over two years’ practicing experience are not required to possess a written Collaborative Agreement with a physician. They also do not have to submit patient charts to the physician for their review or related purposes. Licensures for practicing necessitate a Master’s degree or higher and completed the required monitored hours with a Mississippi physician or a registered APRN with over three years of experience (‘Code,’ 2017). Having met these requirements, the APRN is approved to practice without monitoring including the prescription of drugs.
Question 4
Lack of uniformity in nursing practice in all the states has resulted in unintended consequences such as decreased mobility for Advanced Practicing Registered Nurses leading to patients having reduced access to healthcare. The Consensus Model is designed to amalgamate standards for education and practice to provide quality and consistent health care as well as the mobility of the APRNs in the United States (Lowery, Scott & Swanson, 2016). The consensus model has, therefore, led to improved mobility of nurse practitioners and hence increased access to health. According to Ash (2020), quality of care has improved to patients with chronic diseases as they utilizes services of mobile integrated healthcare.
Question 5
Texas is among the states that have restricted the Full Practicing Authority to APRNs. The state fall on the lesser edge of the spectrum regarding the freedom it provides to APRNs. In Texas, APRN is licensed under one of four roles: nurse-midwife, nurse anesthetist, nurse practitioner, and clinical nurse specialist. Additionally, nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists also have a population of a locus.
APRNs have meaningfully added to the quality of health care, especially to vulnerable populations. For all Americans to receive cost-effective and quality healthcare, APRNs must be made of greater use. The advanced skills and knowledge are of significant contributions to the future and the current healthcare system particularly in the undertaking of bringing meaningful health reforms in the United States as proposed in the Consensus Model.
References
Ash, D. J. R. (2020 ). Quality of life for persons with chronic disease utilizing mobile integrated healthcare (Dissertation). Walden University, Minneapolis, MN, United States. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/8259/
Benton, D. C., Cleghorn, J., Coghlan, A., Damgaard, G., Doumit, M. A., George, J. L. ... & Nyante, F. (2019). Acting in the public interest: Learnings and commentary on the occupational licensure literature. Journal of Nursing Regulation , 10 (2), S1-S40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2155-8256(19)30120-6
Code, A. (2017). Mississippi State Board of Medical Licensure . https://www.msbml.ms.gov/sites/default/files/07-2017Administrative%20Code.pdf
Dillon, D., & Gary, F. (2017). Full practice authority for nurse practitioners. Nursing. Administration Quarterly , 41 (1), 86-93. doi: 10.1097/NAQ.0000000000000210
Lindeke, L. L., Avery, M., & White, K. W. (2015). Overview of advanced practice registered nursing. In K. Parris; M. Zuccarini; M. P. M. Jansen; & K. A. Blair (eds). Advanced Practice Nursing Core Concepts for Professional Role Development (pp. 3-26). New York: Springer Publishing.
Lowery, B., Scott, E., & Swanson, M. (2016). Nurse practitioner perceptions of the impact of physician oversight on quality and safety of nurse practitioner practice. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners , 28 (8), 436-445. doi: 10.1002/2327-6924.12336
Peterson, M. E. (2017). Barriers to Practice and the Impact on Health Care: A Nurse Practitioner Focus. Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology , 8 (1), 74. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5995533/
