The problem statement of the experiment below is to identify the effect of acids with bases, carbonates, and hydrogen carbonates. Variables are mainly divided into two main categories, they include the independent variables and the dependent variables. The dependent variables in the experiment below are three: bases, carbonates, and hydrogen carbonates, while the independent variable is the acid. The independent variable can have other factors. It includes its pH value, which determines its strength. The strength of the acid, whether high or low defines its level.
Generally, acids react with bases to produce salt and water. The salt produced depends entirely on the type of acid used. Acids will react with carbonates to produce salt and gas. The gas to be produced is carbon dioxide, it will be tested through lime water and if a white precipitate is produced, then we will be sure the gas produced is carbon dioxide.
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To test the hypotheses, we used the simple design method where a single factor is tested each time. Starting with the base and collecting results, then the dependent factor is varied to another chemical. The process is repeated until all the results have been collected. The procedure for the process was very succinct, students noticed that they had three test tubes in the test tube rack which were labeled A, B, and C. To test tube A, they were instructed to half-fill HCL(acid) and add sodium carbonate to it and test the results through lime water. To test tube B, Nitric acid was already half filled with it and the students were to add Sodium Carbonate to it and test the results through lime water. For the last test tube, the students were to meet the lab technician and be provided with dilute Sulphuric acid, to it they were to add Copper (ii) Oxide then shake the mixture gently, and let it settle. They were then instructed to tabulate all the results from the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the end product produced was measured and tested. The results were very reliable as they proved that the hypothesis developed was quite correct. The participants were chemistry students. They were divided into groups of five, and a leader was selected to lead them. None of them was paid but experimental points were awarded to them. The total number of participants was forty.
