Racism is one of the significant issues that has always affected America’s well-being. Racial discrimination effects include inequality between the Black and the White people in America in terms of accessing justice, inequality in income and wealth, inadequate education system and housing and enslaving of the black people among many others. Racial discrimination has caused the growth of two different societies in America, that is, the black and the white society which are separate and unequal. Till today America still experiences racism which has made it impossible to develop institutions, to make constitutional innovations, develop public goods and safety nets as stated by President Donald Trump. In this essay, my focus is on the effect of racism in the 1900s to the American administration and the black.
Question 1: Issues addressed by Fredric to President Eisenhower concerning the social issues in Mississippi
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On November 22, 1995, E Frederic Morrow, the Field Secretary of the National Associate for the Advancement of the African-Americans addressed the President via a memorandum. The memorandum followed after the lynching of Emmet Till. Emmet was a 14-year-old teenager who was hanged after being accused of offending a white woman at her grocery store. The hanging of Emmet caused the Black people to revolt against the American government. In his memo, Fredrick addressed the following issues.
First, Frederic stated that hanging Till proved that the police force was alert to the situations that involved the violation of the federal laws. However, the act stirred emotions among the Black people since they believed the incident could have been handled in a different way considering that Emmet was just a teenager (Morrow, 2014). Fredrick went ahead and explained that after investigating the mob justice, lynching and other terrorism forms, the results proved that the country was on the verge of the terrible racial inferno. The black people from the county’s section had come up strongly and bittering following their harassment. The secretary explained that meeting was being held all over the country listening to the story from Emmet's mother.
Secondly, Fredric explained that following the easy hanging of the Black people and the frightening power that had been created by the anti-desegregation committee of the white’s council in Mississippi, the Negros were ready to resist in order to protect themselves. Frederick had been accused by the Black people of not being a coward not looking through the problem. Morrow urged the president to look into the issue as a whole since people were disappointed and full of anger (Morrow, 2014).
Finally, Morrow advised the administration to consider holding a meeting with the Black leaders. The act would demonstrate that the Government was concerned about its citizen as a whole. He explained that that kind of meetings had been held before and steadied the effect of racism since the black leaders, in turn, addressed their citizens and assure them of the Government concern towards them (Morrow, 2014).
Question 2: Strategies used by Martin Luther King to call for justice among the blacks and how the strategies differ from those of Fredrick
On December 5th, 1955 Martin Luther King addressed a congregation of 5000 American citizens after the Arrest of Mrs. Parks since she declined to renounce her seat on a city bus to a white person in Montgomery (Hawley, Hostetler & Chandler, 2017). Following that this was not the first time such a thing had been done to the black people, Martin Luther addressed the people with bitterness. Luther praised Mrs. Park’s for her courage and strength. He told the people that it was the time the time that they came strong and stand against the oppression and harassment from the whites’ government. Luther told the people that it was time to protest and fight for their rights as American citizens. He told the congregation that it was the time that the lynching of innocent people and displacement of black people from their homes stopped. He encouraged the people to fight for their justice when it came to the city buses. Luther motivated the blacks and said that fighting for their rights was not wrong but instead the American constitution was wrong. Furthermore, King called for unity and bravery among the Black citizens when it came to fighting for their human rights (Hawley, Hostetler & Chandler, 2017).
Both king and Fredric fought for the rights of the black people but in totally different ways. While King addressed to people directly and urged them to push for equality, Fredrick just wrote to the president and urged him to use peaceful means to ensure that the black people were equally treated. Moreover, Martin asks the citizens to use the resources available to fight for their rights (Hawley, Hostetler & Chandler, 2017).
Question 3: Tactics employed by Luther to bring national attention to the Birmingham movement and the different roles played by the police, prison system and media .
During the Birmingham campaigns, Martin Luther King called for the national attention by urging the citizens to go for peaceful demonstrations. Luther also addresses the nation saying that by filling the states cells, the black had fulfilled their dream that they were focused on fighting for justice, freedom, and equality. Luther explained that the Birmingham movement was the most inspiring development in the nonviolent struggle (Chenoweth & Hooker, 2014). During this movement, the police, media, and the prison system played a big role. In the processes of curbing the demonstration, the police manhandled some of the black citizens by beating them up and even pouring water on them to disperse them. The prison system also jailed the blacks who filled the cells. Finally, the media played a big role in bringing all the whole event life which helped demonstrate how the Black people were unjustly treated.
In conclusion, racism has been a major problem in America. In the search for equality, different black leader tried to address the issue in different ways. Some of these leaders include Martin Luther King and Fredric Morrow. Racism in America led to the lynching of young Black citizen and even public harassment.
References
Chenoweth, E., & Hooker, J. (2014). The Civil Rights Movement and US Democracy: A Discussion of" Gospel of Freedom: Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from Birmingham Jail and the Struggle that Changed a Nation" By Jonathan Rieder.
Hawley, T. S., Hostetler, A. L., & Chandler, P. T. (2017). Teaching the Montgomery Bus Boycott As Citizen Action For Racial And Economic Justice. Race Lessons: Using Inquiry to Teach About Race in Social Studies , 155.
Morrow, E. F. (2014). Black man in the White House . Book Baby.
