Inflammation is a defense mechanism response that is triggered whenever a living tissue is damaged, and its primary purpose is to protect the organism from injury and infection. The four cardinal signs of inflammation are pain, swelling, heat, and redness. The dilation of small blood vessels in the injured area causes the redness. The heat which can be felt in peripheral areas such as the skin is due to the increased blood flow throughout the injured area. The swelling is associated with the accumulation of fluids outside the blood vessels in the injured area. The pain is caused by the distortion of living tissues such as the blood vessels and muscles during inflammation.
The role do neutrophils play in the resolution of a bacterial infection is to provide a defense of the inherent immune system by digesting, killing, and phagocytizing fungi and bacteria. Phagocytosis is the process of ingesting bacteria and other unwanted material by amoeboid protozoans and phagocytes. The immune process where phagocytes target and destroy bacteria is known as opsonization, and it takes during inflammation by the help of neutrophils.
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The lymphatic system is a network of organs and tissues that help the body to fight waste, toxins, and other unwanted materials. The lymph node is a small bean-shaped mass of lymphoid tissues that are enclosed by a connective tissue capsule around the lymphatic vessels. The function of the lymph nodes is to serve as a blood filter as it provides specialized tissues that trap foreign antigens and exposed them to the immune system for them to be destroyed. The other organs making up the lymphatic system include the lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, adenoids, and the tonsils.
Tonsils are located at the back of the throat with one on the right side and the other on the left side. The role of the tonsils is to protect the body from gastrointestinal and respiratory infections. The fever induced in the body is a defensive mechanism. It causes the production of pyrogens by the immune system which affects the heat sensing neurons causing the hypothalamus to raise the body temperature. Fever helps in fighting infection by stimulating the multiplication motion and activity of the white blood cells as well as directly kills and inhibits the growth of virus and bacteria that are sensitive to temperature alterations. The process of the increase in the number of white blood cells, especially during an n infection is known as leukocytosis.
