The term Theos is the Greek word for God from where theism is defined. There are various types of theism but monotheists and polytheists are the commonly known. They all describe the religious notion possessed that the followers have. Monotheism is the notion that there is a single god and originates from the Greek word Monos that means alone. Most Judeo-Christian religions including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are monotheists. Some opponents and critics of Christianity believe that the idea of Trinity changes the latter to a polytheistic religion. However, the principle of the trinity is that the three aspects, Father, son, and Holy Spirit emanate from a single god (Martineau 2008).
Polytheism refers to the belief in multiple gods and emanates from the Greek word poly that means many. Some ancient kingdoms such as pagan Aztecs, Romans, Celts, and Egyptians were polytheistic in nature. Many of the contemporary neo-pagans are polytheistic and not only do they believe in many gods but also are open to the notion that gods recognized by other religions and cultures are also real. In contrast, Pantheism is the belief that everything in the universe is a representation of, and is same as God. However, pantheists do not have the perception that there is a personal God. Instead, God is a non-anthropomorphic and impersonal energy (Martineau 2008).
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Henotheism originates from the Greek word Heno that means one and is the worship of one God without the absolute denial of other gods. Henotheists feel a certain connection with a particular deity that they owe some form of loyalty. Deism is the Latin word for god owes loyalty to a single creator Dity although they reject revealed religion. Rather, the knowledge of the god emanates from rationality and experience with the created universe. Additionally, Deists deny the notion of a personal God. They believe that God exists but does not interfere with his creation (Martineau 2008).
References
Martineau, J. (2008). A Study of Religion, Its Sources and Contents . Oxford: The Clarendon Press
