Various geopolitical issues made it hard for the Mongols to unite. First of all, the Mongols were good conquerors, but they were not good government administrators because, after the death of Chinghis Khan, the Mongols Empire began to fall apart. The other reason is that their land was situated on a singular high-altitude terrain and climate consistently challenged them. Due to the harsh temperatures and precipitation, it made it more difficult for them to dwell in such a place. Furthermore, the Mongol’s were nomads who occasionally moved from one place to another in search of pasture for their animals and food for themselves.
Besides, the change in Mongol cultural patterns made it difficult for them to unify since it brought about divisions among them due to the adoption of different foreign religions. On the other hand, political issues among the leaders of the Mongols made it difficult for them to unify since they were left with incompetent leaders, after the death of Chinghis Khan ( Weatherford, 2005). Also, the empire was large and difficult for one person to administer. Lastly, the fact that the rivals of Mongols adopted their weapons, war tactics, and horse-riding skills made it easier to challenge them. In turn, the Mongols depended on their rivals for their personal warfare.
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Chinghis Khan is an important figure to human history because of some reasons. Firstly, Chinghis Khan played a massive role in uniting the Mongols when he conquered all the rivals that were against the Mongols. Chinghis Khan abolished noble titles and banned enslavement of any Mongol. Secondly, he forbade the selling and kidnapping of women and ordered that livestock theft be punishable by death ( Saunders, 2001). Thirdly, Chinghis Khan also allowed freedom of religion among the Mongols and ordered the adoption of the writing system.
Furthermore, Chinghis Khan even ensured that he conducted a regular census in his empire and granted diplomatic immunity to foreign ambassadors. Moreover, Chinghis Khan also spearheaded the unification of tribes that laid the foundation for explorers from the West to reach their lands. Thus, some of those explore like Marco Polo whose explorations stocked the fire of other European explorations which were made possible by Chinghis Khan.
The Mongols moved China capital to Beijing and made it the center of politics and commerce in China. They also supported the Chinese political, social, and economic life in China. The Mongols also led to the development of Chinese literature and architectural style. The Mongols invasion in China opened up trade routes which substantially enhanced its economy and promoted its religion (Singh, 2017). The Mongols invasion made rulers in China to become more isolationists.
On the other hand, the Mongols invasion had a lasting effect on the development of India since opened trade routes between India and other countries. Subsequently, the Mongol invasion also had a lasting impact on the development of The Middle East. This is because it led to the depopulation, which affected their political and economic power. Thus, they lost their ability to control trade routes. The Mongol invasion in the Middle East led to the replacement of Indo-Arayan languages to Turkish type languages.
The lasting effect that the Mongols had on the development of Europe is that the Pax Mongolica which brought peace among the neighboring people who were under the Mongolian rule. Thus, peace among them allowed the reopening of the Silk Road trade routes between China and Europe, and this increased the cultural exchange and wealth along trade paths (Weatherford, 2005). Consequently, the Mongols invasion in Europe also brought the spread of technology which helped in sharing of information, knowledge, and even encouraged cultural identity. Through spreading of knowledge across to Europe lead to methods in medicine, mathematics, printing, and astronomy.
In addition, the Mongols invasion led to the introduction of new forms of banking and insurance practices that helped in the founding of important insurance and banking families in Europe and beyond. Another lasting effect that the Mongols had on the development of Europe was increased defense due to the introduction of guns and gunpowder. As a result, the new weaponry sparked a revolution in European fighting tactics, and this helped them seize control over parts of the oceangoing spices and silk trade. Moreover, the introduction of weapons by Mongolians to Europe created a lasting effect on Europe because they eventually imposed the colonial rule over much of the world, including the Mongols.
References
Saunders, J. J. (2001). The history of the Mongol conquests . University of Pennsylvania Press.
Singh, S. (2017, November 1 ). The Mongol Empire: Kublai Khan's Impact on China . Retrieved from https://owlcation.com/humanities/The-Mongols-Kublai-Khans-Impact-on-China
Weatherford, J. (2005). Genghis Khan and the making of the modern world . Broadway Books.
