The Cold War was a post-World War II crisis that occurred as a result of many political disputes between the world's two superpowers, the United States of America and Soviet Russia. The Cold War was a conflict that erupted in the twentieth century as a result of a sequence of events that caused them to clash. The rivalry between western countries to introduce liberalism and Soviet Russia's attempt to spread communism was one of these events. The United States orchestrated several political events and indirectly assisted in the demise of the Soviet Union. In exchange, Soviet Russia exercised its veto power to block any statement made by the United States. The Cold War was divided into many stages that lasted decades. During the Cold War, the globe was divided into three parts: first-world countries, second-world countries, and third-world countries. It is a condition that is hostile to mankind. It causes nations to be divided and distrustful of one another. Part of the reason behind the inability to achieve world peace is attributed to the Cold War and its far-reaching consequences. We shall concentrate on Soviet Russia before and after the Cold War in this article. The paper provides a short overview of the Cold War and the developments that led to its emergence, as well as a discussion of the Soviet Union's disintegration and the events that led to its withdrawal from the Cold War.
The Cold War was a period of rising conflict between the United States and Soviet Russia after the end of WWII for world supremacy as the Super Power. The United States of America was designated as the representative of imperialist nations, while Russia was designated as the representative of communism. As a result, the two great powers had a constant competition ( Adade, 2016 ). The Cold War is named for the fact that this conflict did not end in a war, but rather in diplomatic events. The word "Cold War" refers to the conflict between two sides in the absence of any disagreements.
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It's often used to characterize the political warfare techniques that countries use against one another. Roosevelt, the then-President of the United States, delivered supplies to the military after Hitler invaded Russia. It may have sparked deterioration in ties between the United States and Russia. Stalin was suspected after he conquered Germany and tried to enforce communism, and mistrust has existed between Western countries and Russia since then. As a result, the Cold War began ( Adade, 2016 ). The United States of America was unable to recognize Russia's socialist ideology. Soviet Russia, on the other hand, did not tolerate the United States' supremacy of other European countries. Following WWII, Soviet Russia produced a large amount of ammunition and arms. As a result, the United States saw them as a threat and developed the atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, and other deadly devices. Other European countries joined in the competition with Russia, effectively dividing the globe in half ( Adade, 2016 ). Soviet Russia continued to promote communism through the mass media and wished to spread it around the world in order to support their labor movement. Meanwhile, America aided corporations in their battle against communism. The intensification of the Cold War was caused by the disparity of doctrines. Since the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Soviet Russia feared that they would suffer the same fate. As a result, they strengthened their military and weapons. It was often thought to exacerbate the Cold War.
When the veto was first adopted, Soviet Russia used it to block any declaration taken by the United States in the United Nations Security Council. As a result, the western powers became offended ( Bowker, 2017) . As a result of the event, the Cold War became even more intense. The Cold War created a climate of fear and mistrust between Russia and the United States. It indefinitely heightened tensions between the nations. There were many alliances formed solely to maximize the strength of the conflict. During the Cold War, unnecessarily large sums of money were spent on military power. It resulted in poverty and worsened people's living conditions. It was a pointless and meaningless battle that irreversibly split the world. The world's equilibrium was disrupted by the Cold War. There is also a lot of mistrust between these two countries and the countries that fund them. It also established a straight line between countries in the first, second, and third worlds ( Bowker, 2017). It ended in split humanity, and this is one of the reasons that there is no perpetual peace.
Over time, the Cold War has become a major threat to world peace, and at the peak of the conflict, many people have suffered heavy casualties, either directly or indirectly. From the end of the war until the 20th century, the Cold War had a profound effect on nations — nationalists and focused on many economic and social issues ( Bowker, 2017). For example, since 1991, investment in Russia's defense has been severely curtailed, leading to a decline in the Soviet military industry. As a result of the demolition, millions of jobs were laid off in the former Soviet Union, affecting the Russian economy and the military. After many structural reforms in the 1990s, Russia experienced a banking and economic crisis, the consequences of which were worse than those in the United States and Germany after the Great Depression. Regarding the fact that Russia's living standards declined in the post-Cold War period, the economy grew rapidly after 1995, and it was announced in early 2005 that it had returned to GDP per capita in 1989.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, the post-Cold War world has been considered unipolar, and the United States has become the only major power. By 1990, the United States had established strategic alliances with 52 countries, deploying 1.6 million overseas forces in 116 countries, enabling the world to support large and permanent peacekeeping military facilities and extensive military research. Volunteering is an institution. In addition, it led to the permanent establishment of the defense and weapons industry during peacetime, all of which were mentioned in President Eisenhower's farewell speech (Goldgeier, 2015). In addition to uniformed soldiers, millions of people have been killed in agent wars by the superpowers around the world, especially in Southeast Asia (Goldgeier, 2015). Many agency wars and regional grants for violence ended after the Cold War ended. In the years since the Cold War, regional wars, ethnic wars, guerrilla warfare, and the emergence of refugee and conflict between the governments of countries affected by hostilities have declined sharply.
With the fall of the Berlin Wall, the abolition of the Warsaw Treaty and the breakup of the Soviet Union, the Cold War officially ended, but despite this, military development and use continued, especially in the deployment and development of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles protection, because the Cold War is not officially over. In a formal agreement, the former superpowers continue to maintain or even upgrade or improve nuclear weapons and delivery systems to varying degrees (Goldgeier, 2015). In addition, some previously unrecognized countries, such as nuclear weapons, have developed and tested nuclear weapons.
The Soviet Union's dissociation (1987-1992) was a process of internal division within the Soviet Union. To begin with, the instability in the daily republic has worsened, escalating political and legal conflicts between the republic and the central government, which inevitably resulted in the creation of three major republics. President Mikhail Gorbachev resigned and the Soviet Parliament was formed after the leaders (SFSR of Russia, SSR of Ukraine, and SSR of the Republic of Belarus) declared their resignations, which were followed by 12 republics (Holden, 2015). The coup fell apart in August 1991, when the Soviet government and military intellectuals attempted to depose Gorbachev and put an end to the "free demonstrations," allowing the Moscow government to lose a significant amount of power. The Republic proclaimed its independence in the corresponding weeks that followed. The Baltic States became recognised as the first nation to claim independence and absolute independence in August 1990. The "Belovyja Treaty" was signed on November 9 by Russian Ukrainian and Belarusian Presidents, acknowledging independence from one another and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Other republics, became part of the CIS on November 22 and signed the Almaty Protocol.
On November 25, President Mikhail Gorbachev stepped down for his presidency, declared his surrender, and gave the nuclear launch rule to Boris Yeltsin. During this time, the flag of USSR was lowered from the Soviet Kremlin for the final time that night, and the USSR tricolor flag was raised in its place. The Soviet Union's House of Lords issued a 142-H Declaration the next day, acknowledging and violating the Soviet Republic's independence (Holden, 2015). The end of the Cold War was marked by the revolt of the Eastern European Community in 1989 and the fall of the Soviet Union. Many former Soviet republics kept strong relations with Russia after the Cold War ended, forming foreign economic and military cooperation organizations including the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Eurasian Economic Community, the Federal State, the Union of Nations, European Customs, and the Eurasian Economic Company. The Baltic States and a number of Eastern European countries, on the other hand, have joined the European Union's and NATO's military alliances.
Besides the massive successes made by the teams, the included teams further achieved great individual trophies. Belarusian Vitaly Scherbo won seven gold medals and became the highest winning team at the Summer Games (Holden, 2015). Exercise, singing and the field, wrestling and swimming were the most powerful sports for the teams, four of which won 30 gold medals and 66 medals respectively. These nations were Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The combined team was defeated by Germany by three medals and won the second winner. However, like the Summer Olympics, the team also won many medal winners at the Winter Olympics. Russian skater Lyubov Yegorova (Lyubov Yegorova) won a total of five medals.
In conclusion, because Europe was deprived of its influence during the final episodes of the Second World War, the Cold War commenced. Due to this advancement,, the Soviet Union and the U.S. were at the forefront, competing for their economic and military excellence. The two rival nations believed their policies were more dynamic, and hoped that others could join in their footsteps. Clearly, the Cold War caused losses to Soviet Russia. After many structural reforms in the 1990s, Russia experienced a banking and economic crisis, which was worse than the problems experienced by the United States and Germany after the Great Depression. Although the Cold War accelerated the development of nuclear weapons for military use, research on nuclear technology continued further in the postwar period, particularly in the pharmaceutical, petroleum, and industrial sectors.
References
Adade, C. Q. (2016). Russia: After the Cold War: the ex-Soviet media and Africa. Race & Class , 35 (2), 86-95.
Bowker, M., & Ross, C. (2017). Russia after the Cold War . Routledge.
Goldgeier, J. M., & McFaul, M. (2015). Power and purpose: US policy toward Russia after the Cold War . Brookings Institution Press.
Holden, G. (2015). Russia after the cold war: history and the nation in post-Soviet security politics . Campus Verlag.
